KEYWORDS

antibody--- disease-fighting substance produced by the body in response to the presence of an antigen. basal ganglia--- a group of structures found deep within the cerebral hemispheres responsible for motor and cognitive functions through reinforcement learning. bronchoalveolar lavage--- a minimally invasive procedure that involves introducing sterile normal saline into a portion of the lung, followed by suction and collection of the solution for analysis. dander--- loose scales formed on the skin and shed from the coat or feathers of various animals, often causing allergic reactions in susceptible people. endoscopy--- procedure utilizing a small, flexible tube equipped with a light and a viewing device to examine or operate on body passages or internal organs. enterolith (intestinal stone)---abnormal concretion that forms in the intestine; usually comprised of mineral salts, enteroliths resemble rounded stones. epithelialization--- the process through which epithelial (skin) cells migrate across new tissue on a healing wound. gastrointestinal flora--- beneficial one-celled organisms normally residing in a horse’s gut and playing an important role in digestion. immunoassay--- a procedure for detecting or measuring specific proteins or other substances through their properties as antigens or antibodies. lymphangitis (milk leg, Monday-morning leg) ---inflammation of lymph vessels and nodes, characterized by hot, painful swellings in and beneath the skin, usually on the legs. nerve block--- anesthesia of a nerve to remove feeling from the body part it supplies; often used in lameness diagnostic exams and local surgery. passive transfer--- transfer of existing antibodies from one animal to another (for example, transfer of a mare’s antibodies through colostrum to her newborn foal). phenylbutazone (“bute”)---generic name for an odorless anti-inflammatory medication used in the management of joint, bone and muscle injuries or disorders. pheromones--- odorous substance or hormone secreted by one animal that elicits behavior in another individual of that species. pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID)---disease caused when the cortex of the adrenal gland produces excessive amounts of hormones, including cortisol; signs include persistent long hair, thin skin, fragile bones, stupor, weakness and sweating; also called Cushing’s syndrome. pyrethrin--- a thick liquid compound derived naturally from pyrethrum flowers and used in insecticides to produce an immediate but brief “knockdown” effect on the insect. recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)--respiratory disease, usually of older horses, induced by exposure to dusts typically found in stables. The disease is recurrent, depending on environmental exposure. The terms “heaves” and “equine asthma” can also be used to describe RAO. sarcoid--- viral tumor composed mainly of connective tissue which appears on the skin; the most common tumor of the horse. shipping fever--- complex of disorders resulting from prolonged stress, such as transportation; principal manifestation is pleuropneumonia with fever. third eyelid (nictitating membrane)---tissue fold that can be drawn over the eye to serve as a third, innermost eyelid; present in most reptiles and birds as well as many mammals, including the horse. tracheal wash--- recovery of mucus from the lung by injecting and then withdrawing a sterile solution. tying up (recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis, azoturia, Monday-morning sickness, myositis) ---severe, painful cramping of large muscle masses, resulting in discoloration of the urine with the byproducts of muscle destruction. Tying up often is seen in fit horses who resume heavy exercise after a few days of rest without any reduction in grain ration. urtitcaria (hives)---soft, raised bumps, onethird to more than an inch in diameter, which break out simultaneously in groups in response to an allergic reaction. windpuffs (windgalls)---protrusions of joint capsules and/or tendon sheaths, caused by stretching due to excessive fluid.