Treatments for burning mouth syndrome can offer some relief

Q: I’ve had what I think is burning mouth syndrome for about two months, and it’s getting worse, not better. Are there any at-home treatments that will make it less uncomfortable?

A: Before you try any treatments, get an evaluation from a health care provider who is familiar with burning mouth syndrome. It’s important to rule out underlying medical conditions that could be contributing to your symptoms.

Burning mouth syndrome is a persistent feeling of burning in the mouth that is not due to mouth abnormalities or other health issues. About 2% of the population is affected by it. The burning sensation often is felt on the tip, sides and top of the tongue; the roof of the mouth; and the inside of the lips. However, it may occur anywhere in the mouth.

Burning mouth syndrome that can’t be linked to an underlying medical condition is referred to as primary burning mouth syndrome. This is thought to be caused by dysfunction of the nerves that control pain and taste. Secondary burning mouth syndrome means your health care provider has found an underlying cause of your discomfort.

Some of the potential triggers include hormonal changes, dry mouth and nutritional deficiencies — especially vitamin B deficiency. But it also can be caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease, allergies, or reactions to foods, flavorings, fragrances or dyes. Psychological factors, such as anxiety, depression or stress, and some oral habits, such as tongue thrusting, biting the tip of your tongue and grinding your teeth, also can contribute to discomfort.

If you have secondary burning mouth syndrome, treating the underlying cause should eliminate or reduce symptoms. Effectively treating primary burning mouth syndrome is more complicated.

Although there is no cure, there are treatments that may reduce your symptoms. First, you can try a number of self-care steps. They include using mild toothpaste, sipping water throughout the day, chewing sugarless gum, sucking on sugarless candy and avoiding mouthwash. You also may want to try over-the-counter products intended for dry mouth relief. Avoid spicy foods and carbonated beverages. Acidic foods also may aggravate your symptoms.

Your health care provider also may recommend a prescription medication.

Although symptom improvement may be gradual, one-half to two-thirds of people with burning mouth syndrome notice at least some improvement within a few months of treatment.