Peace plan for Syria may alter Iran deal
U.S. delegation to be forced into unlikely alliance
WASHINGTON — The pursuit of peace in Syria might require the United States and Iran to break new ground in their increasingly comfortable diplomatic relationship, propelled by last year’s nuclear accord and their recent prisoner swap.
Another taboo could be shattered soon: Military discussions.
Iran might be just one of 17 countries invited to the first gathering Friday of a task force the U.S. and Russia are leading to forge a temporary truce in Syria’s civil war. But for the Obama administration, Iran is like no other country at the table.
Washington considers Tehran the world’s leading state sponsor of terrorism. And American officials have long insisted they will not cooperate militarily with an Iranian government that has deployed troops to help keep Syrian President Bashar Assad in power and which continues to fund and arm U.S.-designated terrorist groups such as Hamas and Hezbollah.
Administration officials insist Iran’s presence at the talks does not mean the two countries are “cooperating or coordinating” on military matters.
Yet the cease-fire discussion in Geneva is military. And it could put the U.S. delegation in Geneva in the position of poring over battlefield maps with members of Iran’s military or its Revolutionary Guard Corps.
Iran emerges as player
The officials present will discuss which areas of Syria will be covered by the truce. They will debate which rebel groups should be spared from attack. They will seek agreement on what actions would constitute violations. And they’ll discuss responses.
On all these matters, Iran can have a say. Because the International Syria Support Group and its task force operate on the basis of consensus, Iran, like any other participant, will have an effective veto over the arrangements.
And that suggests the U.S. and Iran will have to find an accommodation.
“Implementing a cessation of hostilities requires the participation and compliance of those engaged in hostilities, and that includes Iran,” State Department spokesman John Kirby said. “This does not mean we are cooperating or coordinating with Iran.”
Kirby said the U.S. continues to see Iran as a destabilizing force in Syria through its support of Assad and Hezbollah. But he said the U.S. has believed since late last year that, for peace to be possible, “all stakeholders must be involved, including those with influence on the armed opposition groups or forces fighting in support of the Assad regime.”
Syria’s conflict started with government repression of largely peaceful protests five years ago, but within months it became a rebellion against Assad and a proxy battle between his Shiite-backed government and Sunni-supported rebels.
The war has killed more than 250,000 people, created Europe’s worst refugee crisis since World War II, allowed the Islamic State to carve out territory across Syria and Iraq, and led Russia and a U.S.-led coalition into bombing campaigns.
Target: Islamic State
Washington’s hope is that peace between Syria’s government and “moderate” rebels would allow the world to focus on defeating the Islamic State. Western and Arab officials have cited plans for chasing the group out of its headquarters in Raqqa, Syria, and the Iraqi city of Mosul before the end of the year. Fighting between Syria’s military and the Westernbacked opposition could complicate those objectives.