Trump set to reshape high court
Retirement of Kennedy, a pivotal swing vote on panel, likely will trigger bitter showdown over his replacement
WASHINGTON — Justice Anthony Kennedy announced Wednesday that he will retire this summer, setting in motion a furious fight over the future of the Supreme Court and giving President Donald Trump the chance to put a conservative stamp on the American legal system for generations.
Kennedy, 81, has been a critical swing vote on the sharply polarized court for nearly three decades as he embraced liberal views on gay rights, abortion and the death penalty but helped conservatives trim voting rights, block gun control measures and unleash campaign spending by corporations.
His replacement by a conservative justice — something Trump has vowed to his supporters — could imperil a variety of landmark Supreme Court precedents on social issues where Kennedy frequently sided with his liberal colleagues, particularly on abortion.
Trump and his Republican allies have hoped for months that Kennedy might retire, clearing a way for a new, more conservative jurist before Democrats had an opportunity to capture the Senate and block future Republican nominees. In contrast to his frequent criticisms of Chief Justice John Roberts, a generally reliable conservative, Trump has frequently heaped praise on Kennedy and even has suggested he might nominate one of his former clerks to the bench — subtle nudges the president hoped would make Kennedy more comfortable with the idea of stepping down.
Kennedy’s departure could leave Roberts, who was appointed by George W. Bush, as the decisive vote on a court whose other justices may soon include four committed liberals and four equally committed conservatives.
The court’s term that just ended offered a preview of what such a lineup might mean: With Kenne-
dy mostly siding with conservatives this year, the court endorsed Trump’s power over immigration, dealt a blow to labor unions and backed a Republican purge of voter rolls in Ohio.
Kennedy hand-delivered a short letter of resignation to Trump on Wednesday afternoon, shortly after a half-hour meeting at the White House, where the president called him a jurist with “tremendous vision and tremendous heart.”
“Please permit me by this letter to express my profound gratitude for having had the privilege to seek in each case how best to know, interpret and defend the Constitution and the laws that must always conform to its mandates and promises,” Kennedy wrote to Trump.
The president promised to begin an immediate search for a replacement and to pick from a list of 25 conservative jurists he had previously identified as candidates for the court’s next vacancy. In comments to reporters, the president said he would nominate “somebody who will be just as outstanding” as Kennedy.
Potential nominees include Brett Kavanaugh, a federal appellate judge for the District of Columbia Circuit who clerked for Kennedy at the Supreme Court. Another possibility is Judge Thomas Hardiman of the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, whom Trump seriously considered last year to replace Justice Antonin Scalia, who died in 2016. The president chose Judge Neil Gorsuch instead.
The Senate, which must confirm the president’s pick for the court, is under Republican control, which gives Trump the opportunity to win approval of his choice without any Democratic support. But the Senate’s makeup could change after congressional elections this fall, putting immense pressure on the president and his party to nominate and confirm a justice before November. Vote before elections
Sen. Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., the majority leader, called on senators to make sure the president’s nominee would be “considered fairly” without being subjected to personal or character attacks.
“We will vote to confirm Justice Kennedy’s successor this fall,” McConnell vowed in brief remarks Wednesday.
But Sen. Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader, demanded the Senate wait to confirm Kennedy’s replacement until after the midterm elections. Schumer noted that Republicans delayed consideration of former President Barack Obama’s court nominee in 2016, Judge Merrick Garland, citing the upcoming presidential election that year.
The Republicans prevented even a hearing for Obama’s nominee, which effectively handed Trump his first chance to fill the vacancy created by the death of Scalia. The move infuriated Democrats, who accused Republicans of stealing Obama’s right to fill a seat on the court.
Schumer said senators should not “consider a Supreme Court justice in an election year,” saying that “anything but that would be the absolute height of hypocrisy.”
“People are just months away from determining the senators who should vote to confirm or reject the president’s nominee,” Schumer said on the floor of the Senate, “and their voices deserve to be heard now, as Senator McConnell thought that they deserved to be heard then.” Unpredictable jurist
Kennedy, a Californian and graduate of Harvard Law School, was appointed to the Supreme Court by Ronald Reagan in 1987. But he was never a reliable conservative and evolved into one of the most unpredictable jurists on the court.
He wrote some of the nation’s most important gay rights decisions and helped to dramatically shift America’s legal treatment of gays, lesbians and transgender people. In 2015, he wrote the court’s opinion that established the right for gay people to marry each other.
“Their hope is not to be condemned to live in loneliness, excluded from one of civilization’s oldest institutions,” Kennedy wrote of gay Americans. “They ask for equal dignity in the eyes of the law. The Constitution grants them that right.”
Kennedy has also served as the linchpin of the judicial defense of abortion rights, frequently siding with the court’s liberals in turning back conservative challenges to Roe v. Wade, the landmark 1973 case that established a constitutional right to abortion.
But Kennedy has also been a decisive vote for rulings that cemented conservative principles in some of the most contentious issues in American political life.
He wrote the opinion in Citizens United, which gave corporations the right to make unlimited campaign contributions. He joined the court’s conservatives in 2008 in declaring that the Constitution protects a person’s right to keep a loaded gun at home for self-defense.
After the 2000 election, Kennedy also joined the majority in Bush v. Gore, handing the presidency to Bush and drawing the ire of Democrats who believed the election was stolen from Vice President Al Gore.
In leaving this year, Kennedy gives Trump and the Republican Party the opportunity to undermine the permanence of the liberal cases that he shaped. His retirement will have far more impact than Trump’s selection of Gorsuch, a conservative who replaced another conservative, Scalia.
During the presidential campaign, Trump promised voters that he would choose a Supreme Court nominee — should he get the opportunity — from a list of mostly conservative judges that he made public.
He first offered 11 names, then added 10 more, compiled by Donald McGahn, Trump’s longtime election lawyer and now the White House counsel, with input from the Federalist Society and the Heritage Foundation, two conservative legal organizations. Since last year, the list — which is published at whitehouse.gov — has grown to 25 names.