Investors warn climate change poses big threat to the economy
WASHINGTON — Climate change threatens to create turmoil in the financial markets, and the Federal Reserve and other regulators must act to avoid an economic disaster, a letter sent Tuesday by a group of large investors says.
“The climate crisis poses a systemic threat to financial markets and the real economy, with significant disruptive consequences on asset valuations and our nation’s economic stability,” reads the letter, which was signed by more than three dozen pension plans, fund managers and other financial institutions that together manage almost $1 trillion in assets.
That financial threat, combined with the physical risks posed by climate change, may create “disastrous impacts the likes of which we haven’t seen before,” the letter says.
It urges the Fed, the Securities and Exchange Commission and other agencies to “explicitly integrate climate change across your mandates.”
Investors worry that if regulators do not act, climate change may cause the price of some companies to fall suddenly, the effects of which may ricochet through the economy.
Providing more information about that risk — for example, by requiring companies to disclose more about their greenhouse gas emissions, or which of their facilities are at risk from rising seas — could help investors make better decisions.
That, in turn, might encourage companies to lower their emissions, or risk losing access to investment or affordable insurance coverage.
“Every medium and large business has bank loans and has insurance,” said Steven Rothstein, managing director of the Ceres Accelerator for Sustainable Capital Markets, a group that works with investors and which organized the letter.
The letter calls on regulators to adopt the steps Ceres outlined last month in a report that makes 51 recommendations to eight federal agencies.
At its core are two demands: that the agencies treat climate change as a systemic risk, and that the SEC ensures mandatory and consistent disclosure of climate threats facing companies.
According to Ceres, regulators can adopt each of its recommendations without new legislation from Congress.
Still, during the Trump administration, even agencies that are meant to have a degree of independence from the White House have been reluctant to address climate change. President Donald Trump has called global warming a hoax, and he has reversed nearly 70 environmental rules, with another 30 in progress.
Nevertheless, Ceres’ recommendations offer a blueprint for how a Democratic administration might begin to tackle climate change, should former Vice President Joe Biden win the presidency in November.
Last month, Democrats on the House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis released a report that echoed some of the recommendations from Ceres, particularly ones regarding the disclosure of financial risks.
The letter Tuesday suggests those recommendations have significant support among investors as well.
The letter was signed by some of the largest pension funds in the country, including the California State Teachers’ Retirement System, or CalSTRS, which manages $246 billion; the New York City Comptroller’s Office, which oversees pension funds worth $206 billion; and the New York State Comptroller’s Office, which manages the state’s $211 billion retirement fund.
Liz Gordon, executive director of corporate governance for New York state’s fund, said even large institutional investors with skilled researchers could not protect their holdings against climate risk.
“We do a lot of engagement with companies individually,” Gordon said. “But that’s not going to solve the broader problem.”
She said the SEC, which regulates the stock market and requires publicly traded companies to regularly disclose information about a range of perils they face, also should require those companies to better disclose the financial risks they confront from climate change.
Other asset managers warned that climate change would increasingly disrupt businesses.
Julie Gorte, senior vice president for sustainable investing at Impax Asset Management, which manages $23 billion, said the SEC should force companies to disclose the location of their physical assets, such as factories and other facilities.
That way, investors can gauge the risks facing those facilities from wildfires, hurricanes or flooding, and push companies to address them. Investors then would be able to choose whether to invest based on that information.
“Regulators actually have the power to make the risks smaller,” she said.eful change, Rothstein said, would be for the Fed to require banks to examine the climate vulnerability of the companies they lend money to. Banks already do those tests for other types of financial risk, through a process that regulators and investors call “stress tests.”
Banks then could use the information from those climate-related stress tests to increase the amount of money they hold in reserve, to help them stay solvent if some of those companies defaulted.
After the 2008 financial crisis and the collapse of the U.S. housing market, “we looked at stress tests for banks, focusing on housing,” Rothstein said. Now, he said, “think about the climate risks.”