For truly effective barking deterrent, address triggers

Dear Cathy: Are citronella dog collars safe to prevent barking? Though we understand he is doing his job, our dog’s barking with delivery drivers, letter carriers and other people walking near our home has become excessive. — Grace, North Massapequa, New York

Dear Grace: Citronella collars deter dogs from barking by emitting a citronella scent that activates when the dog barks. It doesn’t hurt them, but it does startle them when it first activates, and they definitely don’t like the smell, which are two ways the collar discourages dogs from barking.

While your dog may bark less with the collar, if you are not addressing the underlying triggers, most dogs will resume barking when the collar is removed or it runs out of citronella.

If excessive barking is a concern, I understand why you want to try it. But it also helps to address the triggers that lead to barking because that approach can be much more effective.

Here are some suggestions:

■ Determine the root cause of your dog’s barking: boredom, fear, territorial behavior or separation anxiety. Addressing the underlying issue can help reduce excessive barking.

■ Ensure your dog receives enough exercise to prevent boredom and pentup energy, which can lead to excessive barking. Interactive toys, puzzle feeders and regular walks or playtime can help keep your dog stimulated and engaged.

■ Use positive reinforcement training to teach your dog alternative behaviors and commands, such as “quiet” or “go to your bed,” to redirect his focus and discourage barking.

■ Manage your dog’s environment, such as using curtains or barriers to block visual stimuli that trigger barking, or keeping your dog indoors during high activity or noise outside.

■ Minimize environmental triggers that may provoke barking, such as loud noises, unfamiliar people or animals or changes in routine. Provide a safe and comfortable space for your dog to retreat when he feels anxious or overwhelmed, such as a dog bed or a kennel.

■ Gradually expose your dog to triggering stimuli in a controlled manner, pairing it with positive experiences, such as treats or play, to change his emotional response. This can help reduce anxiety and reactivity.

■ Expose your dog to various people, animals and environments to help him become more confident and less reactive.