Why hold the Tokyo Games? It’s a matter of money
Kaori Yamaguchi , an Olympic medalist in judo and an executive member of the Japanese Olympic Committee, made an astonishing statement in early June — astonishing, that is, for an Olympic official. She said that Japan had been “cornered” into holding this year’s Games during a pandemic: “What will these Olympics be for, and for whom? The Games have already lost meaning and are being held just for the sake of it. I believe we have already missed the opportunity to cancel.”
She is not alone. A top Japanese medical expert warned that the Summer Games could trigger fresh COVID-19 outbreaks, and that going ahead under present conditions would “not be normal.” Up to 80% of the Japanese population wants the Olympics, set to begin July 23 after a year’s delay, to be either postponed again or canceled. The Asahi Shimbun newspaper, an official sponsor of the Games, has urged the government to abandon the enterprise. If the Games do go ahead, which seems likely, events will take place in mostly empty stadiums built at huge expense.
Yamaguchi’s question is a valid one. For whom are the Olympics? The athletes already have ample opportunity to compete in all kinds of international championships. And the Japanese should not pay the price for entertaining television viewers. Perhaps the Games are for Japanese politicians who hoped the spectacle would burnish their prestige. Or maybe they are for the fat cats of the International Olympic Committee, those blazered worthies who believe their juggernaut’s interests should trump those of everyone else?
The question of what the Olympics are really for has haunted the Games ever since Baron Pierre de Coubertin revived them in Athens in 1896. The baron, like other French conservatives, was worried about national virility, especially after losing the war against Prussia in 1871. He thought competitive sports would be the answer to the shortcomings of French manhood.
Coubertin also hoped that an international sporting event would promote peace by bringing the world’s peoples together. Like world fairs and Boy Scout jamborees, the Games would encourage international friendship as well as patriotism. After clean and fair competition, the healthiest specimens from many nations would march together to a better future.
World peace did not come about, but wars were hardly the result of national partisanship in sports stadiums. The hollowness of Coubertin’s pretensions became pathetically clear when his shaky voice extolled the virtues of friendship and fair play at the Berlin Olympics in 1936, as Adolf Hitler and Hermann Goering sat smirking in their luxury seats.
One cannot deny that the Games have had some positive purposes since the end of World War II. The 1964 Tokyo Olympics were immensely important to the Japanese, symbolizing not only economic revival but also political respectability. Japan was no longer a militarist predator that had been responsible for millions of bloody deaths in Asia, but a thriving democracy, open to the world.
Something similar might be claimed for the 1988 Seoul Olympics. After decades of harsh imperial Japanese rule, the devastating Korean War, and more decades of military dictatorship, South Korea had emerged as a relatively open society with competitive elections, a rambunctiously free press and a young population brimming with pride and optimism. The Koreans richly deserved the international limelight. The Seoul Games were a true celebration.
Apart from these rare occasions, however, the Olympics are hard to justify. The marching, flagwaving, uniformed jamborees are a 19th century anachronism, still cherished in countries whose people have no right to elect their leaders but only the obligation to praise them. North Korea is the pastmaster at this kind of thing, while Vladimir Putin’s 2014 Winter Olympics, held in a subtropical resort filled with artificial snow, were clearly meant as an homage to his authoritarian rule.
Poorer countries, such as Greece in 2004, have been left with huge debts and deserted stadiums overgrown with weeds. And rich countries don’t really need the extravaganzas put on in Atlanta in 1996 or London in 2012, except perhaps as an excuse to invest in infrastructure that should have been built anyway.
Tokyo in 2021 surely doesn’t need the Olympics. And yet the Olympic army marches on, making enormous amounts of money even as some countries are almost bankrupted. The IOC made about $1 billion from the 2004 Athens Olympics. I remember watching Olympic officials strutting around the lobbies of expensive hotels in Seoul. The poorer the country they represented, the bigger their platinum watches seemed to be.
The Games are a gigantic business for the IOC, for sponsors, for property developers and, sometimes, for corrupt politicians. That is what they are for. Thousands of Olympic officials may soon be crowding the lobbies of expensive hotels in Tokyo this year. And after they leave for the next place, the big stadiums built for nothing will remain as largely abandoned sites of an event that should never have taken place.