Under attack, Ukraine turns to the cloud
It’s moving key data, including economic and property info, to Amazon servers for safekeeping
Since Februrary, Amazon has been playing Santa Claus to Ukraine, delivering planeloads of goods, including blankets, hygiene kits, diapers, food and toys, for the war-torn nation and refugees in Poland and other parts of Europe.
But long term, what’s more important to Ukrainians than the gifts coming in is what’s going out: massive amounts of government, tax, banking and property data vulnerable to destruction and abuse should Russian invaders get their hands on it.
Since the day Russia launched its invasion Feb. 24, Amazon has been working closely with the Ukrainian government to download essential data and ferry it out of the country in suitcase-size solid-state computer storage units called Snowball Edge, then funneling the data into Amazon’s cloud computing system.
“This is the most technologically advanced war in human history,” said Mykhailo Fedorov, Ukraine’s 31-year-old vice prime minister and minister of digital transformation, referring not just to weapons but data too. Amazon Web Services’ “leadership made a decision that saved the Ukrainian government and economy.”
Amazon has invested $75 million so far in its Ukraine effort, which includes the data transfer via the Snowballs. Fedorov, speaking at a tech conference in Las Vegas this month, called it “priceless.”
The data, 10 million gigabytes so far, represent “critical information infrastructure. This is core for operation of the economy, of the tax system, of banks, and the government overall,” he said. The data also include property records whose safekeeping can help prevent theft of Ukrainian homes, businesses and land.
Through history, invaders have “come in and staged fake referendum and parceled out the land to their chums,” said Liam
Maxwell, head of government transformation at Amazon Web Services, the company’s highly profitable cloud computing arm. “That kind of thing has been happening since William the Conquerer.”
The Odessa Journal newspaper reported in June that residents of the Russian-occupied city of Mariupol whose homes had been destroyed were being moved into the homes of citizens who had fled the area, and were being forced to find those who left and pressure them to cooperate in some fashion with the Russians.
Maxwell, who’s based in London, had already been working with Ukraine for years when it became clear by January that Russia planned to attack.
At the time, Ukrainian law required the majority of government data and certain private data to be housed on servers in Ukraine. In February, parliament changed that law to allow the information transfer.
On Feb. 24, the day of the invasion, Maxwell met for lunch with Ukrainian Ambassador Vadym Prystaiko at the Ukrainian Embassy in London.
They sketched out with pen and paper a list of the most essential data: the population register, land and property ownership records, tax payment records,
bank records, education registries, anti-corruption databases and more. The project involved 27 Ukrainian ministries, 18 Ukrainian universities, the country’s largest remote learning K-12 school serving hundreds of thousands of displaced children, and dozens of other private sector companies including Ukraine’s largest private financial institution, PrivatBank.
Early on, the Snowball units, in their shock-proof gray containers, were flown from Dublin to Krakow, Poland. Then the Ukrainians “spirited these devices over the border” into Ukraine, Maxwell said.
After the data downloads, much of the information is being sent to the cloud over secure networks, and the Snowballs, loaded with up to 80 terabytes of encrypted data each, are shipped back to Amazon. For good reason, Maxwell doesn’t want to say where, but says “it’s a tense moment around the baggage carousel. Here’s government in a box, literally.”
Once it’s in the cloud and distributed around the world, everyone breathes easier. “You can’t take out the cloud with a cruise missile,” Maxwell said.
The mission required speed, organization and deep technical skill. Maxwell said Fedorov, “a man in a hurry,” ticked all the boxes.
Still, Amazon spent time training the Ukrainians on how the AWS system works. That free training has been extended to refugees in Poland and in other locations in Europe. There’s an upside for Amazon, in addition to recognition for its efforts: Maxwell notes that the program is equipping those refugees with crucial tech skills — and in the process expanding AWS’ talent base.
Amazon didn’t have to worry about its relationship with Russia on the Snowball project. It doesn’t have one. “We didn’t have anything to turn off there,” Maxwell said. “We had never invested there. It’s a point of principle.”
Since the project began, other countries have told Amazon they’re interested in out-of-the-country cloud backups of government data. Maxwell wouldn’t say which countries but noted keen interest from East Asia.