Zika virus gets its close- up
Firm creates realistic 3- D model of mosquito- borne pathogen
As scientists work to unravel the mysteries of Zika, a scientific visualization f irm has created a realistic 3- D model of the mosquitoborne virus that lets you see it up close and extremely personally.
The engrossing images come courtesy of Visual Science, a Moscow studio that was previously recognized by Science magazine for its illustration of the human immunodeficiency virus.
Though the structure of the particle hasn’t been fully studied, illustrators were able to f ill in the blanks by combining knowledge of related viruses, such as den- gue, with sophisticated computer modeling techniques, said Ivan Konstantinov, the project’s author and supervisor.
The f irm may update its models when further crystallography or electron microscopy studies on Zika or dengue are done, he added.
The images are part of the group’s ongoing Viral Park project, which Konstantinov described as “a graphical review of the known scientific data about the structure of the most widespread or dangerous human viruses.”
Above is an illustration of a mature Zika virus particle after it has replicated inside a human host cell. The model depicts the virus’ RNA in blue and material taken from its host in gray. The Zika virus, like inf luenza and HIV, captures cell membrane material from its host during the replication process.
The virus’ RNA, which contains its genetic code, is show in deep blue. The green shows core proteins, called protein capsids. These enclose the RNA, helping to stabilize and organize it.
The cell membrane, made with fats from the host cell, is seen in light gray. The material comes from the host cell’s inner membrane, called the endoplasmic reticulum, where the virus is assembled.
The short teal green structures are minor pro- teins that help in the assembly and function of envelope proteins.
The cell membrane is surrounded by a shell of proteins, seen in two shades of light blue. These are produced according to instructions in the virus’ RNA.
These envelope proteins, or E proteins, play a key role in allowing the Zika virus to enter a host cell. E proteins interact with receptors on the cell surface so the virus can pass through the membrane. The surface is pocked with little gray structures, called oligosaccharides, that inf luence this process.