Artists take on new Brazil government
The formidable creative community already has notched one major victory.
SAO PAULO, Brazil — As performer after performer appeared on the outdoor stages, the Virada Cultural festival in Sao Paulo quickly turned into a massive protest against Brazil’s new acting president, Michel Temer, and the conservative government he installed after the impeachment of his predecessor less than two weeks ago.
One rock band, Nacao Zumbi, led the crowd in chants that echoed through the center of the city: “Temer out! Temer out!”
Rapper Criolo performed in front of a giant electronic sign that proclaimed “Never Temer,” playing on a double meaning. In Portuguese, Temer means “to fear.”
The newest force opposing the interim government is not a political party but the country’s popular musicians, filmmakers, writer and artists, whose organization and legacy of left-wing activism make them formidable adversaries.
“I knew there would be some demonstrations, but I had no idea they would be everywhere, on practically every stage,” said Erica Alves, a 29-year-old electronic musician who performed at the festival Sunday and led her fans in antigovernment chants. She said it felt strange leading a political rally for the first time in her life. “But I think it’s important for artists to speak out now,” she said.
They already have scored one victory. Upon launching his government, Temer announced that he was folding the Ministry of Culture into the Ministry of Education, part of an effort to reduce bureaucracy and cut spending amid one of Brazil’s worst recessions in decades.
But on Saturday, after a week of protests in which artists occupied public buildings in 18 states, Temer reversed that decision. The new culture minister called it a “gesture” to the creative community, but it also was the first public defeat of the new government. The occupations continue.
Until two weeks ago, Temer was vice president, a position to which he was elected in 2014 in a cross-party alliance with President Dilma Rousseff. But he assumed the top job after Brazil’s Senate voted to put Rousseff on trial for accounting irregularities in the national budget.
It is unclear when the trial will begin, but it must be completed within the 180day period that Rousseff has been suspended from office. If convicted, she will be permanently removed, in which case Temer could remain in office until her term ends in 2018 and elections are held.
He could possibly be removed before then if investigators looking at campaign financing in the last election can substantiate allegations that he and Rousseff received illegal donations.
Although Rousseff saw her ratings plunge over the last two years to the point where a majority of Brazilians favored impeachment, a recent poll found that Temer, a 75-year-old lawyer, is even more unpopular.
Critics view the impeachment as a power grab orchestrated by members of Congress facing corruption allegations and trying to avoid prosecution. Many say that Rousseff is innocent of any crime and that she is a victim of a coup d’etat.
They also accused Temer of trying to balance the budget on the backs of the poor while his wealthy allies avoid paying their fair share.
Brazil’s artists and intellectuals have a history of leftwing activism dating to before the country’s last military dictatorship, which ruled from 1964 to 1985. During that period, the artist community became even more unified as it worked to oppose the government.
“There are deep historical roots to the artistic community’s opposition to the government,” says Laurindo Leal Filho, sociologist and media analyst at the University of Sao Paulo.
“At the beginning of the dictatorship, the arrival of censorship served as a fuse and led even less politically active artists to take a stance,” he said. “The attempt to remove the Ministry of Culture may have served as the same fuse for them to oppose Temer now.”
The artists protesting the new government include several who lived through the oppression of the 1960s and ’70s. Rock legend Caetano Veloso, who was exiled during the dictatorship and now writes a newspaper column, modified one of his songs last week to include the lyric “I hate you, Temer.”
Political conservatives have struck back and chided the artists for accepting government arts funding.
“You say there has been a coup etat in Brazil,” tweeted Licia Guimaraes, a columnist at the right-leaning newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo. “Then you take millions of $ from coup plotters to make your film, tour country with your band?”
The most aggressive shot taken at Temer came last week from the Cannes Film Festival in France, where acclaimed Brazilian director Kleber Mendonca Filho and the cast of his movie “Aquarius” stood on the red carpet holding signs denouncing a “coup” in Brazil and declaring, “The world cannot accept this illegitimate government.”
“The artists’ job is to present an artistic portrait of their society, and to make sure that portrait is honest,” he said from France this week in a chat over Facebook. “If you, as an artist, have a talent for that type of interpretation, your art has a political dimension and it’s up to society to understand and react.”