Brazil’s Senate votes to oust president
RIO DE JANEIRO — After months of bitterly contested proceedings, Brazil’s Senate voted overwhelmingly on Wednesday to remove President Dilma Rousseff from office, marking a turbulent finale to 13 years of center-left government in Latin America’s largest country.
Rousseff, a onetime guerrilla-turned-economist and the nation’s first female president, was convicted on a vote of 61 to 20 of breaking fiscal responsibility law. Brazil’s more conservative vice president, Michel Temer, will serve out the rest of her term, which ends in 2018.
The impeachment vote came as no surprise — senators had signaled their intentions. Still, it rocked a nation that, after basking in the world’s attention during last month’s Olympics, continues to be saddled by a crippling recession, an ongoing investigation into widespread corruption and a crisis of confidence in the
political system.
Soon after the final vote, Rousseff descended to the lobby of the presidential palace in Brasilia and gave a defiant speech to supporters, transmitted live on Facebook.
“The senators who voted for impeachment decided to rip up the constitution .... They condemned an innocent person and carried out a parliamentary coup,” said Rousseff, who was surrounded mostly by women and vowed to appeal the decision.
“They think they won, but they’re wrong. I know we will all fight,” she said. Rousseff then ended by quoting a poem written by Soviet-era Russian artist Vladimir Mayakovsky, and left to shouts of “Out with Temer!” — a chant often heard during Olympic competitions.
It’s unclear whether an appeal has any chance of success, but Rousseff’s attorney, former Justice Minister Jose Eduardo Cardozo, is already considering arguments he can bring to the Supreme Court.
Over the last few days, as Rousseff emphatically protested her innocence, demonstrators in some cities clashed with police and fires blocked main arteries, but the gatherings were smaller than those that called for her ouster earlier this year and led to her temporary suspension in May.
“I was no fan of Rousseff ’s government. It made serious mistakes. But at least she was elected legitimately,” said Michelle Brito, 33, who attempted to join a protest against Temer’s new government near her work Tuesday night in Sao Paulo, Brazil’s largest city, before being turned away by tear gas, explosions and crowds running from police.
“I believe the men who took over did so cynically and with the worst intentions,” Brito said. “They wanted to take power without having to face democracy, and I fear now for how we may suffer.”
How the rest of Latin America will react is unclear, but so far, Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador have said they will recall their ambassadors from Brazil.
Though polls showed a majority of Brazilians wanted Rousseff out before the impeachment process started, a majority also wanted to remove Temer. Brazilians vigorously booed him during the opening ceremony of the Olympics.
Polling suggests a majority preferred new elections and only half the country believed impeachment was being carried out in full accordance with the law. The Supreme Court, however, allowed the Senate to decide whether Rousseff ’s offenses merited impeachment, and much of the country’s political and business elite has been united around the idea of a permanent Temer government for months.
Temer, who turned on Rousseff to support impeachment, formed an alliance with parts of her coalition as well as the party that lost the 2014 election. He cannot run for president in 2018 because he has been convicted of breaking campaign finance rules and banned from running for office. The two men behind him in line for the presidency have been accused of corruption, while Rousseff has not. Technically, she was accused of shifting public funds to mask federal deficits.
Temer’s new administration surprised Brazilians in May when he steered the country sharply to the right and installed a new Cabinet made up entirely of white men in a country that is minority white. Then three of his new ministers immediately had to resign amid corruption accusations unearthed in the country’s sprawling “Car Wash” corruption inquiry.
Temer, who has served as “interim” president since Rousseff was suspended in May, will now be granted full powers, but may nevertheless face an uphill battle to establish popularity and get the economy on track.
“It’s going to be a difficult period for Brazil’s economy under Temer, and it would have been difficult under Rousseff. Even if Temer survives [until 2018] and is relatively successful, we don’t expect him to be very popular,” says Joao Augusto de Castro Neves, Latin America director at the Eurasia Group in Washington.
Despite the lack of consensus as to whether this is the right way to remove Rousseff, he added, “few governments in the world would have survived this perfect storm of political factors. Rousseff lost political support, the country faces a severe recession and there is an ongoing, massive corruption scandal.”
Out of the last four presidents elected in Brazil, Rousseff is the second to depart office early. In 1992, President Fernando Collor de Mello resigned before being forced out of office through impeachment. This may be the first time since the fall of Brazil’s dictatorship in the 1980s that a significant portion of the population questions the demo- cratic legitimacy of its leader.
The final moments of Rousseff ’s lengthy impeachment proceedings offered moments of high drama that captured the attention of the country just after the spectacle of the Rio Games.
On Monday, Rousseff took the stand for 14 hours, defending herself emphatically during questioning after reminding the country of the torture she suffered as a revolutionary under Brazil’s dictatorship and said conservatives and elites had conspired to overthrow her election and threaten democracy.
“What is at stake here is not just my presidency,” Rousseff said then. “What is at stake is the principle of respect for the ballot box, the sovereign will of the Brazilian people, and the constitution.”
The proceedings were marked by impassioned and angry speeches and, in some cases, tears.
On Tuesday, lawyer Janaina Paschoal, who cowrote the articles of impeachment, began to weep and asked Rousseff’s forgiveness for the suffering she had caused her. But she did so, she said, thinking about the nation’s future and Rousseff ’s grandchildren.
Among those voting to convict Rousseff was Collor, who now serves in the Senate. He was stripped of his political rights for eight years after he resigned from the presidency, and on Wednesday he stood to ask the Senate to simultaneously ban Rousseff from holding any public office.
The Senate surprised analysts by voting on that issue separately, and chose not to temporarily strip Rousseff of her rights.
“That was surreal. Because if she is actually guilty of an impeachable crime, then she should then have been stripped of her political rights, as was the case with Fernando Collor,” said Mauricio Santoro, a political scientist at Rio de Janeiro State University.
“I’m trying to understand what led to this, if there may have been some backroom deal,” Santoro said. “This means that if she wants to, Rousseff could try to return as a member of Congress, which would be an even more potent possibility if Temer is seen as a failure.”