Somber start for Obama library
Preliminary design for South Side of Chicago complex seems at odds with ex-president’s style.
It would be easy enough to complain that the May 3 unveiling of a preliminary design for Barack Obama’s presidential library and museum, over which a relaxed and tieless Obama presided, was short on details.
All that reporters and critics were left to sift through after the announcement at Chicago’s South Shore Cultural Center, where Barack and Michelle Obama held their wedding reception in 1992, were a couple of site plans, a photograph of a model and one solitary if rather painterly rendering.
No elevations or sections from the architects, Tod Williams and Billie Tsien of New York and Chicago’s Dina Griffin. No precise numbers about what the complex near Lake Michigan on the South Side of Chicago might cost (at least $500 million is the early estimate) or the height of its most eye-catching element, a largely windowless tower sheathed in panels of lightcolored stone.
No drawings showing how the campus of three buildings in Jackson Park — the tower, which will hold a museum, plus low-lying structures for a meeting hall and library — will appear from the east, looking back toward the city.
And no matter. As is so often true in architecture, even this early look revealed plenty. A mere sketch — and this plan remains essentially that, an architectural first draft — can be surprisingly talkative. So what does this one have to say?
Mainly that Williams and Tsien are aiming for something slightly different — starker, more monolithic — than they’ve produced so far in a body of work that includes the Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia and the Reva and David Logan Center for the Arts at the University of Chicago. And that in doing so they’ve landed just on the wrong side of the line dividing a sober design from a somber one. There is something not just fortress-like but a bit sepulchral about the proposal.
There has always been a cautious streak in the work of Williams and Tsien, husband and wife architects who founded their firm in 1986. (They won this commission in an invited competition run by the Obama Foundation that featured six other finalists, including Renzo Piano, David Adjaye and Chicago’s John Ronan.) But it’s typically been leavened with a crispness and precision that gives their finest buildings a sense of lightness and optimism, even uplift.
In this design they’ve traded those qualities for a sense of deep history and grounded strength. Certainly the tower will serve as a vertical marker for what will be known officially as the Obama Presidential Center and is expected to open in 2021. Because of its location in Jackson Park, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, the tower will be all the more conspicuous. (I’ll have more to say about the urban-design elements of the plan, including its controversial use of public parkland, in a later column.)
Yet what’s most striking in the end about the tower is not its height but the way its profile — growing widest in the middle and then tapering as it goes up — makes it bottom heavy, pulling it back to Earth.
When you combine that unusual shape with the tower’s skin of stone panels, the effect is distinctly primitivist, with hints of the way Mayan or Egyptian temples preside over wide empty plazas. The architects have compared the tower to a lantern, though it looks more like the truncated base of an obelisk.
This combination of rootedness and stripped-down form with an unapologetic interest in history links the design to work by talented younger architects like Chile’s Pezo von Ellrichshausen and Switzerland’s Christ & Gantenbein.
There are hints of Marcel Breuer’s 1966 Whitney Museum (nearly always a good touchstone) and Gio Ponti’s 1971 Denver Art Museum (ditto). The plaza at the center of the campus — bounded on the north by the museum tower, the east by the forum building and the south by the library — strikes an effective balance between enclosure and openness.
The design makes a clear effort to steer clear of classical references — or any recognizably European motifs, for that matter. This makes sense for a president who was born in Hawaii to a Kenyan father and Kansan mother and spent a good part of his childhood in Indonesia. It’s also a major departure from the Greek columns that formed the backdrop for Obama’s acceptance speech at the Democratic National Convention in 2008.
There is, finally, an unavoidable symbolism in that the tower appears truncated: a suggestion of an unfinished or even abandoned larger project. The echoes of pre-Columbian ruins only add to this impression.
After Williams and Tsien won the job last summer, I was among many critics who noted the similarities in sensibility between the architects and the Obamas. Both couples are known for a deliberate and cerebral style, for working coolly above the fray.
But the Obamas are also energetic, upbeat and, as first couples go, young. (Even fter two terms in the White House, Barack Obama, at 55, is 15 years younger than the current White House occupant.) These qualities have become only more pronounced in their post-Washington life.
At one point during the May 3 event, Obama smiled while pointing out where the barbecue grills might go, prompting chuckles from the audience. “Why are you laughing?” he joked. “We don’t have any folks who grill here? I thought this was the South Side of Chicago!”
He also said the museum would include fashion displays. “Let’s face it — we want to see Michelle’s dresses,” he said. (Accurately.)
It was impossible not to notice a contrast between his buoyant mood (and the sense of community engagement he was trying to evoke) and the rather stern quality of the design he was introducing.
There’s no requirement that the architecture of a presidential library perfectly match the personality of its client. But it shouldn’t be at odds with that personality either. A little zeal in the next version of the proposal — some clearer signs of energy and life — would go a long way.