Fought fascism while ruling Romania during WWII
Former Romanian King Michael I, who was forced to abdicate by the communists in the aftermath of World War II, died Tuesday at his home in Switzerland. He was 96.
Michael, who played a pivotal role in Romania’s switch to the Allied cause after a coup in 1944, spent decades in exile working as a chicken farmer and aircraft pilot. He finally got his citizenship back in 1997, eight years after the collapse of communism.
Michael’s death leaves only two people alive who headed their nations during the war — former King Simeon II of Bulgaria and the Dalai Lama of Tibet, both of whom were children at the time.
In a statement, the Romanian royal house said Michael died at his home in Aubonne, Switzerland. Michael had been suffering from leukemia and another type of cancer and last year withdrew from public life, handing over his responsibilities to his oldest daughter.
President Klaus Iohannis declared “days of mourning,” saying Michael “wrote the history of Romania.”
British Ambassador to Romania Paul Brummell said that Michael “fought against communism; he fought against fascism.”
Michael’s body will be f lown to Romania and will lie in state for two days at the Royal Palace in Bucharest.
Michael, a great-great grandson to Britain’s Queen Victoria, acceded to the throne in 1927 when he was 6 after his father Carol II eloped with his mistress and abdicated. After three years Carol returned to the throne and stayed there until abdicating again in 1940, when Michael became king for a second time.
Michael reigned for seven years until he was forced to abdicate.
Michael’s reign is best remembered for his coup on Aug. 23, 1944, against proNazi leader Marshal Ion Antonescu, which took Romania into the war on the side of the Allies. For this, he was awarded Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit by President Truman and was decorated with the Soviet Order of Victory by Josef Stalin.
Romania’s switch gave the Soviets the opportunity to advance into the country. After the war, Michael was little more than a figurehead as the Soviets installed a communist-led government and Romania became part of the Warsaw Pact.
Many thought that he would remain in exile in London after his arrival for the wedding of Princess Elizabeth to his cousin Prince Philip of Greece in November 1947. However, he was summoned to the Elisabeth Palace in Bucharest and told to sign a pre-typed abdication or 1,000 soldiers would be executed.
The communist government abolished the monarchy on the day of his abdication. Romania’s was the last monarchy in the Warsaw Pact countries to fall. Michael was then stripped of his citizenship.
After his abdication, Michael settled with his wife and five daughters in Switzerland and later Britain, where he worked as a test pilot and chicken farmer.
On Dec. 25, 1990, a year after the revolution that overthrew the Communist dictatorship of Nicolae Ceausescu, Michael and several other members of the royal family entered Romania for the first time in 43 years.
Using a Danish diplomatic passport, Michael was able to obtain a 24-hour visa. He intended to reach Curtea de Arges Cathedral, pray at the tombs of his royal ancestors and attend the Christmas religious service.
However, Michael and his companions were stopped by tanks, taken to the airport and forced to leave the country.
In 1992, however, the government allowed Michael to return to Romania for Easter celebrations, where more than 1 million people turned out to see him. His popularity alarmed President Ion Iliescu, and Michael was forbidden to visit Romania again for five years.
A year after Iliescu’s defeat to President Emil Constantinescu in 1996, the Romanian government restored Michael’s citizenship, allowing him back into the country. Savarsin Castle in western Romania was returned to him while the Elisabeth Palace in Bucharest was made his residence. Though Romania remains a republic, the royal house looks after the family’s properties and bestows honors.
Michael’s relations with the country’s leaders after his return were often uneasy. In 2010, President Traian Basescu accused Michael of being a traitor for abdicating and signing an armistice with the Soviets.
On his 90th birthday in 2011, Michael addressed Parliament for the first time in 65 years and attacked the country’s post-communist leaders.
“Tomorrow’s world cannot exist without morals, without faith and memory. Cynicism, narrow interests and cowardice mustn’t occupy our lives. They remind us too much of the years before 1989,” he said, sitting on a throne-like chair.
Romanians associate their royal family, particularly Michael, with elegance and dignity, in sharp contrast to their views of the political class.
Michael, who was born Oct. 25, 1921, married Anne of Bourbon-Parme in 1948. She died in August 2016. He is survived by five daughters, the eldest of whom, Princess Margareta, will succeed him as head of the royal family.