County reports landmark MPX case
It’s the nation’s first infection of a healthcare worker exposed on the job.
The first U.S. healthcare worker to be infected with MPX while on the job has been reported in Los Angeles County, public health officials said Tuesday, the day after the county confirmed the nation’s first MPX death.
“We have identified a healthcare worker with monkeypox who appears to have been exposed to the virus at their worksite,” Dr. Rita Singhal, chief medical officer for the L.A. County Department of Public Health, said in a presentation to the Board of Supervisors. “This is the first case of monkeypox in a healthcare worker in the United States that has been linked to a worksite exposure.”
Singhal said the county has consulted about the case with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention officials, but the risk of MPX for healthcare workers “remains very low.”
Dr. Rochelle Walensky, the CDC director, told the Senate Health Committee on Wednesday that the lone reported case of an infected healthcare worker was the result of a “needle stick injury.” Walensky did not specifically say she was referring to the L.A. County case.
Walensky expressed confidence that wearing personal protective equipment keeps healthcare workers protected against exposure.
The L.A. County Department of Public Health declined to answer additional questions about whether Walensky was talking about the local case reported this week or elaborate on the healthcare worker’s condition. Singhal said officials will continue to share information about infection prevention with medical professionals, including personal protective equipment guidance.
Spread of the MPX virus to healthcare employees from worksite exposures is rare.
Before this year’s outbreak, there was a single documented case of MPX transmission in Britain, in 2018, in which a healthcare assistant was infected after changing “presumably contaminated bedding” without wearing a mask or respirator.
The worker came into contact with the sheets at a time when the patient had skin lesions but had not yet been diagnosed with MPX and placed under isolation, according to medical journals.
Health leaders in California recently started to use the name MPX, pronounced mpox, because of widespread concerns the virus’ original name is stigmatizing and racist. The World Health Organization is in the process of formally renaming the disease, which will take several months.
MPX — unlike the coronavirus — is not easily transmitted, typically requiring close skin-to-skin contact with an infectious lesion. Cases in this outbreak have been confirmed primarily among men who have sex with men, as well as transgender people, as the virus can spread easily during sexual encounters — though not exclusively.
In L.A. County, 97% of MPX cases have been confirmed in men, and of cases for which sexual orientation is known, more than 90% have identified as gay or bisexual, according to the Department of Public Health.
While MPX case counts reached a total of 1,914 in L.A. County as of Wednesday, the number of new cases weekto-week has recently started to fall, a sign public health leaders across the nation are hopeful indicates reduced transmission and a sustained decline in cases. There are 4,453 confirmed or suspected cases across California.
But even as the rate of new cases slows, Singhal said disparities are growing among who is catching the virus and receiving the twodose Jynneos vaccine.
In July — at the beginning of the local outbreak — white Angelenos made up more than 55% of new weekly MPX cases, according to data from the Public Health Department shared Tuesday. But by early September, Latino residents made up the largest proportion of MPX cases in the county, with about 55% of all new weekly cases. White residents’ share had shrunk to about 20% of new weekly cases in early September, while Black residents’ share had almost doubled in two months, to about 10%.
Accounting for population, county officials found that Black Angelenos had the highest rate of cumulative MPX infections, at 26 cases for every 100,000 Black residents, while Latino residents and white residents had similar case rates, at 16 and 17 per 100,000, respectively.
Using the Healthy Places Index, or HPI — a measure that accounts for the overall public health level of a community, such as poverty and access to housing and education — county officials found that neighborhoods with the least resources have accounted for a larger share of the county’s total MPX cases: about 70% as of early September.
People of color have also disproportionately not received a vaccine against MPX, despite making up a majority of current cases, according to county data from last week. Latino residents make up 44% of MPX cases but only 32% of first-dose recipients; similarly, 12% of county cases are among Black residents, but only 9% of the administered first doses have gone to that demographic.
White Angelenos make up 40% of the county’s firstdose recipients, though they account for less than 30% cases, the data show.
“To address the disparities in monkeypox case and vaccination rates among Latinx and Black populations, [the Department of] Public Health is working with community-based organizations to further define messaging and outreach for these populations,” Singhal said. “We are meeting with stakeholders on a weekly basis to hear feedback from focus groups on how best to reach these populations.”
Singhal also noted that only one-third of those eligible for a second dose of the MPX vaccine have received it, and she strongly encouraged people to get both shots to “optimize their immune response.”
Barbara Ferrer, the county’s public health director, said she is hopeful the agency’s recent expansion of vaccine eligibility to include people who self-attest they may be at “risk for future exposure” will also help bring more people in for a shot.
Due to an initial shortage of doses, the county limited doses to those considered most at-risk to the virus — primarily gay and bisexual men or transgender people with certain sexually transmitted infections or multiple sexual partners — which she acknowledged could have been stigmatizing. Vaccine availability has since drastically increased, though officials are still not recommending widespread inoculations.
“We’ve changed our eligibility guidance to really make that much easier to people,” Ferrer said Tuesday.
“We’re trying desperately to listen to concerns residents are raising. ... We do have disproportionality; we need to pay a lot of attention to what people in our communities are saying would help reduce the barriers to getting vaccinated.”
Singhal also reported two MPX cases that have been confirmed in county jails and 81 among people experiencing homelessness, including seven in congregate housing, but she said there is “no evidence of spread in those settings.” There have been six cases in childrenStart trim under the age of 18.
Throughout the entire outbreak, 66 people have been hospitalized for MPX, Singhal said, or about 4% of total cases.
The person who recently died of MPX in L.A. County was “severely immunocompromised and had been hospitalized,” Singhal said, and she urged those with MPX to seek medical care and treatment early, when possible.