Monday marks 20 years of people living in orbit
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. — The International Space Station was a cramped, humid, puny three rooms when the first crew moved in. Twenty years and 241 visitors later, the complex has a lookout tower, three toilets, six sleeping compartments and 12 rooms, depending on how you count.
Monday marks two decades of a steady stream of people living there.
Astronauts from 19 countries have floated through the space station hatches, including many repeat visitors who arrived on shuttles for short-term construction work, and several tourists who paid their own way.
The first crew — American Bill Shepherd and Russians Sergei Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko — blasted of f from Kazakhstan on Oct. 31, 2000. Two days later, they swung open the space station doors, clasping their hands in unity.
Shepherd, a former Navy SEAL who ser ved as the station commander, likened it to living on a ship at sea. The three spent most of their time coaxing equipment to work; balky systems made the place too warm. Conditions were primitive, compared with now.
Installations and repairs took hours at the new space station, versus minutes on the ground, Krikalev recalled.
“Each day seemed to have its own set of challenges,” Shepherd said during a recent NASA panel discussion with his crewmates.
The space station has since morphed into a complex that’s almost as long as a football field, with eight miles of electrical wiring, an acre of solar panels and three high-tech labs.
“It’s 500 tons of stuff zooming around in space, most of which never touched each other until it got up there and bolted up,” Shepherd told The Associated Press. “And it’s all run for 20 years with almost no big problems.”
“It’s a real testament to what can be done in these kinds of programs,” he said.
Shepherd, 71, is long retired from NASA and lives in Virginia Beach, Va. Krikalev, 62, and Gidzenko, 58, have risen in the Russian space ranks. Both were involved in the mid-october launch of the 64 th crew.
The first thing the three did once arriving at the darkened space station on Nov. 2, 2000, was turn on the lights, which Krikalev recalled as “very memorable.” Then they heated water for hot drinks and activated the lone toilet.
“Now we can live,” Gidzenko remembers Shepherd saying. “We have lights, we have hot water and we have toilet.”
The crew called their new home Alpha, but the name didn’t stick.
Although pioneering the way, the three had no close calls during their nearly five months up there, Shepherd said, and so far the station has held up relatively well.
NASA’S top concern nowadays is the growing threat from space junk. This year, the orbiting lab has had to dodge debris three times.
As for station amenities, astronauts now have nearcontinuous communication with flight controllers and even an internet phone for personal use. The first crew had sporadic radio contact with the ground; communication blackouts could last hours.
While the three astronauts got along fine, tension sometimes bubbled up between them and the two Mission Controls, in Houston and outside Moscow. Shepherd got so frustrated with the “conflicting marching orders” that he insisted they come up with a single plan.
“I’ve got to say, that was my happiest day in space,” he said during the panel discussion.
With its first piece launched in 1998, the International Space Station already has logged 22 years in orbit. n as a and its partners contend it easily has several years of usefulness left 260 miles up.
The Mir station — home to Krikalev and Gidzenko in the late 1980s and 1990s — operated for 15 years before being guided to a fiery re entry over the Pacific in 2001. Russia’s earlier stations and America’s 1970s Skylab had much shorter life spans, as did China’s much more recent orbital outposts.