Is that really the price?
The cost of living is rising. Here’s how to save money on your expenses
Your wallet isn’t lying. Prices are up in Florida for just about everything: housing, gas, groceries, home repairs. And we’re especially feeling the pinch during the holiday season. It’s tough to splurge on gifts when your gas tank is draining your budget.
Why have costs soared? Too much money is being pumped into the economy, and suppliers can’t keep up with demand.
In November, the U.S. government said the consumer price index, which measures the average cost of common goods and services over time, and is the most common measure of inflation, soared 6.2% from October 2020 to October 2021 — the biggest 12-month jump since 1990, according to The Associated Press.
Online shopping has also exploded to levels that never existed before the pandemic, said Craig Austin, a Florida International University assistant teaching professor of Logistics and Supply
Chain Management. This exceeds the market’s capacity to produce or ship what people are ordering.
Supply chain disruptions, particularly in Asia, are also contributing to rising costs, said John Quelch, dean of the
Miami Herbert Business School at the University of Miami.
“In supply chain disruptions it’s analogous to if there’s a snowstorm in Chicago in the morning. The same thing applies to international supply chains, which are very finely tuned,” Quelch said. “If there’s a snag in one part of the system, the ripple effects through the system will be felt fairly quickly and extensively.”
So familiar retailers like Target, Macy’s and others have smaller inventories but higher freight costs. The trend is such that the 2021 holiday shopping season that began earlier purchase limits on certain items. Groceries also cost more, no matter where you shop.
Home makeovers necessary repairs are a headache, more than usual due to supply shortages and shipping delays.
Gas prices have skyrocketed, though concerns over the omicron COVID-19 variant could cause the price to drop again.
Rent and home prices are increasing nationwide, which can be good for sellers, but not buyers.
Natural and artificial Christmas trees cost more this year. And while there isn’t a shortage, some sizes might be harder to find.
Live entertainment back, but some may be leery about venturing to theaters and arenas. Costs may be up because presenting than Black Friday is predicted to have 4.7 million packages a day beyond what the system can absorb or deliver, according to Pennsylvania-based consulting group ShipMatrix.
Labor shortages are also giving workers an opportunity to bargain for higher wages.
“Wage inflation, of course, then has to bleed into retail price inflation as well,” Quelch said.
It’s similar to inflation during wartime, except this is pandemic inflation, American Farm Bureau Federation Chief Economist Roger Cryan said in a blog post.
And everything is affected:
Supermarkets are experiencing supply shortages, which has caused Publix and other stores to set live entertainment comes with higher expenses for venues.
How long will this inflation last? Experts don’t agree.
Some in the Federal Reserve said last month that high inflation will be temporary because it’s tied to the supply-demand problem. Other economy experts think the crunch will last into 2022 and beyond.
Here’s a look at what’s causing your wallet to cry and some tips to help ease the pain:
SOUTH FLORIDA PRODUCE AND GROCERIES
Salaries have increased. Finding workers is a struggle. And product costs are up. It’s all a challenge for South Florida landmark
Robert Is Here, the 62year-old fruit and vegetable stand in Homestead.
A box of Romaine lettuce, for instance, has lately cost the market $86 to obtain from local growers — it should be $24, said Brandon Moehling, son of founder Robert Moehling.
Brandon, who helps manage Robert Is Here, famed for its selection of exotic fruits and assortment of milkshakes that have fans lining up along the roadside on weekends, adds that supply and demand snags have made it increasingly hard to do business.
Take dry goods like cups, straws, napkins and lids for all those $8 milkshakes Robert Is Here sells.
“I have to get cups for my milkshakes from five or six different suppliers because they can’t fill my orders — four boxes from this place, six from that place, six from here,” Moehling said. “It’s unbelievable. With our milkshakes if we don’t have cups we don’t have anything. So it’s very nerveracking. We like to have a season’s worth of cups at our barn and the farm before the start of the season so if anything happens we are covered. But that’s been impossible to do.”
Strawberries wholesale have been around $42 for a large container from suppliers, Moehling said. “It’s either [pay] that or not carry it.”
Robert Is Here had to draw the line on pomegranates.
“People like pomegranate. They are not cheap but not super expensive. But I think it was $56 for eight pomegranates and you do the math on that. And they are small, mind you, not huge. I just didn’t buy them. I can’t look my customers in the eye and tell them what I need to get on that to make a profit,” Moehling said.
“Hell, just to break even I would get side-eye at those prices so we just don’t sell them. But some people will, so they are out there. It’s a crazy time and we have had to go up on everything really.”
Too much money is being pumped into the economy, and suppliers can’t keep up with demand
Prices have also increased at the supermarket.
As Ricki Weyhe pushes her cart to her sedan, she glances at her Publix receipt with the Progresso chicken noodle soup and Temptation cat treats she got on BOGO that afternoon. With rising costs, she looks for a twofer whenever she shops.
“Everything is more expensive. It doesn’t matter what shop you go to,” said Weyhe, a retired Miami Beach High School English teacher. “They’re not even competitive now in terms of prices, maybe a difference in a couple of cents, but it’s not good.”
As the holidays approach and port terminals overflow with shipments, Weyhe doesn’t expect prices to drop anytime soon.
“These days are not favoring the customer. Everything is going a little haywire,” she said.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that meat, fish, poultry and egg prices have increased by 10.5%, according to a 12-month period ending Sept. 2021. Cereals and bakery goods increased by 2.7%, fruits and vegetables by 3% and nonalcoholic beverages 3.7%.
Just this Thanksgiving, a 16-pound turkey cost $23.99, about $1.50 per pound more or a 24% increase from last year, according to the American Farm Bureau Federation’s annual survey. For the upcoming holidays, hams are up 2.4 percent from September to October, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Pie crusts spiked by 20%, carrot and celery platters increased by 12% and dinner rolls are up by 15%, according to the farm bureau survey. Even holiday essentials like a gallon of whole milk is up by 7% and a half-pint of whipped cream jumped 2%.
Standing in a WinnDixie parking lot, loading her pickup truck with $1 Powerades, carrots and bananas, Michelle Ferrer, 54, said she’s beginning to feel the impacts of inflation and has steered clear of Publix to save money.
“Everything is jacked up,” Ferrer said. “I mean, we’re two people and I went to Trader Joe’s, no alcohol, no meat and I spent $325, and I’m like, ‘Yikes, when did that happen?’ ”
Winn-Dixie was Ferrer’s third stop on her grocery odyssey. Even after buying cartloads of frozen foods, shrimp, milk and other groceries, Ferrer said she still had to stop at WinnDixie to find flowers.
Gene McAvoy, an agronomic and horticultural specialist at the University of Florida, said costs for fertilizers and the grains used to feed livestock have led to price spikes. COVID-19 restrictions have led to the increased separation of people in meat packaging plants, slowing down productivity and raising costs for producers.
“A year ago we were spending $10 to $12 a pound for ribeye steak,” McAvoy said. “Now, the same steaks are going for $14 to $16 a pound.”
Within the last year, the cost to deliver a truckload of vegetables from Florida to New York has leaped from $4,000 to $8,000, McAvoy said. A mass exodus of drivers who retired during the pandemic has created a void of 80,000 truckers. With Florida holding 25% of the national demand, this has led to additional supply chain complications.
“It’s just created a perfect storm of inflationary pressures,” McAvoy said.
Amid COVID-19, consumer purchasing power shifted from going out and buying services to online shopping, swelling ports with barges of ordered shipments. With limitations such as the number of terminal cranes and workers at each port, they’ve experienced a backlog of vessels, increasing delays ahead of
‘‘ I HAVE TO GET CUPS FOR MY MILKSHAKES FROM FIVE OR SIX DIFFERENT SUPPLIERS BECAUSE THEY CAN’T FILL MY ORDERS Brandon Moehling, who helps manage Robert Is Here in Homestead. His father, Robert Moehling, founded the 62-year-old fruit and vegetable stand.
the holiday season.
Supply chain issues have pushed some supermarkets, including Lakelandbased Publix, to set purchase limits on certain items. The supermarket has added a notice in its weekly ad that tells customers about purchase limits and that some items may be out of stock due to limited supply. WinnDixie and Fresco y Más have a similar notice about limited supplies in their ads.
Meredith Hurley, director of public relations and community for Jacksonville-based Southeastern Grocers, parent company of Winn-Dixie and Fresco y Más, said their supply chain team started planning for the upcoming holiday season “earlier than ever before” this year and are confident customers will be able to find what they need.
Aldi has an online post listing some of the sale items people might not find on their shelves due to shipping delays, such as holiday platters and gift wrap.
TIPS:
To save money on groceries, McAvoy advises shoppers to purchase canned or frozen vegetables rather than fresh produce. Shoppers can also look through the weekly ads of your preferred store to see what specials they have coming up. You can also shop around for the best sales and BOGO deals.
GAS
Florida gas prices hit a low of $1.76 last year.
With fewer gas guzzlers on the road and fewer drivers filling their tanks, demand for gas plummeted, said AAA spokesman Mark Jenkins. Domestic oil production, which steers gas prices, dropped 25% in August 2020, and Jenkins said the nation has not yet recovered.
“You can’t just flip the switch and suddenly, we’re pumping oil again,” Jenkins said. “It takes these different companies here in the United States to invest in that and to get the manpower back.”
In Miami, regular gas prices were averaging $3.33 as of Dec. 2, a 1-cent increase from November, and a $1.17 jump from last year.
“Gas prices rise like a rocket and fall like a feather,” Jenkins said.
With the increasing availability of vaccines and declining COVID cases, gas demand has gone up and crude oil prices have increased by about 80%, as of late October. Oil prices have reached seven-year highs because global demand has outpaced available oil supply, said Patrick De Haan, head petroleum analyst for fuel-monitoring firm GasBuddy.
The emergence of the omicron COVID-19 variant, on the other hand, has led to a recent drop in crude oil prices, and could place downward pressure on gas prices, Jenkins said. On Black Friday, for instance, crude oil dropped 13%.
“Unless oil prices rebound soon, gas prices will get a lot cheaper,” Jenkins said in an email. “The state average could even go back below $3 a gallon.”
Ultimately, it’s too soon to tell if the fears engulfing the omicron variant will lead to a long-term decline in gas prices, but experts believe pressure caused by high demand and tightened supply has lessened and that prices will stabilize.
To save at the pump, drivers can download apps like GasBuddy or AAA Mobile that pinpoint cheaper gas stations in the area. Also, drivers can take advantage of discounts based on cash or credit payment type. Consumers can also join gas loyalty programs to save a nickel on fill-ups and save about 15% of their fuel by slowing down.
Try a different gas station. Fueling up in Allapattah or Westchester could be cheaper than in Brickell or Miami Beach.
Car insurance companies including Geico, Allstate and State Farm offer students cheaper rates for being responsible, having good grades and being involved.
CHRISTMAS TREES
This will be the 30th year that Jimmy Knips and his business The Christmas Palace help families, malls, stores and hotels get ready for the holiday season.
The family-owned
South Florida business is like Santa’s Workshop. Knips, his sons and their employees work yearround to make sure their shelves are stocked with elves, nutcrackers, reindeer, lights, Santa and other festive decor.
Every December, they start planning for next Christmas.
Knips said their meticulous planning helped them escape the supply chain woes retailers are experiencing this year due to shortages of truck drivers and containers.
It’s paid off. Their Hialeah Gardens and Fort Lauderdale locations have
seen about 14,000 new customers already, he said. Their online store is also attracting shoppers from across the country.
But Knips’ business couldn’t escape all of the holiday delays. Even though about 90% of the merchandise arrived on time, reordering items has been trickier, he said.
They’ve also seen rising costs. The price of artificial Christmas trees has increased 10% to 15%, he said.
Retailers that sell artificial Christmas trees have reported raising prices 20% to 30%, with natural trees also expected to cost more this year due to extreme weather events in the Pacific Northwest and Midwest and supply chain issues, according to the American Christmas Tree Association.
While there are tree farms in Florida that grow a variety of cedar, cypress and pine trees that can be used for Christmas trees, many of Florida’s traditional Christmas trees, like the Fraser fir, come from other states, including North Carolina.
Jodi Utsman, who goes by the title of Chief Elf for Santa’s Christmas Tree Forest, a tree farm in Central Florida, said the price of Christmas trees in Florida has increased this holiday season because of shipping costs.
And while tree shortages aren’t expected this year, certain tree sizes, like eight to nine feet, might be harder to find, Utsman said. That’s because farmers didn’t anticipate the demand and didn’t plant enough trees, Utsman said. Christmas trees take 10 years to reach this size.
The industry is also still recovering from the Great Recession of 2008-09, when many Christmas tree growers left the business, according to the Bradenton Herald.
HOME AND CAR REPAIRS
People are fixing their air conditioners “more and more” as homes have increasingly turned into offices, said contractor Carlos Diaz, owner of Miami-based Air Wizard. But keeping, or attracting, technicians has become harder, especially as materials necessary for repairs like condensers and compressors and expansion valves are backlogged or stuck in transit for days, weeks and even months, Diaz said. These goods also cost contractors more, leading to higher repair costs.
Anyone who is trying to remodel will also likely face issues. There’s shortages in paint, appliances and even products for swimming pools.
The swimming pool industry saw a surge in demand during the pandemic last year when people were stuck at home, a tide that carried into 2021. Michael Arrowsmith, chief development officer for Florida-based Pinch A Penny, estimated that its business would “continue growing as much or greater than it has for the past 45 years.”
But issues along the supply chain have made it difficult to build, fix, upgrade and maintain swimming pools and hot tubs, especially since many of the products or parts come from overseas, said Raymond Ibarra, a Pinch A Penny Pool Patio Spa franchise owner in Westchester.
“We’re waiting months to find maybe 10 pumps somewhere,” he said.
Ibarra, who has owned his store for nearly 37 years, said distributors are also limiting how many pumps or filters stores can buy, similar to how retail stores limited how many rolls of toilet paper a person could buy last year. A Texas winter freeze also put more strain on the supply chain with an influx of demand for replacement parts, he said.
That means customers sometimes wait weeks for items that would normally arrive in a few days, he said. To meet demand, Ibarra’s team is reordering items before inventory gets low or sold out to make up for the supply slowdown, including for big ticket items like hot tubs.
“Now we’re trying to predict what colors [customers] want, what styles they want, to order those in advance,” he said.
Ibarra said they’re now placing hot tub orders 14 months in advance to try and keep up with future demand. Even so, they’re sold out of hot tubs for the next three to four months, he said.
He’s hopeful the situation will improve in 2022, but predicts the swimming pool industry won’t see a return to supply-demand normalcy until 2023. His biggest concern, though, is the labor shortage. Yes, he’s hiring.
His advice to customers: Be flexible and have patience.
“Customers would get upset if we didn’t have a sort of product they need,” Ibarra said. “Now they realize that it’s the norm now not to have everything you need or have to wait.”
Supply-and-demand problems are also affecting how fast you may get your car repaired — and how much more you will pay.
“Prices for parts have gone up, but for most automotive parts this has been manageable. If the price is up $5 or $10 that is what it is — we can pass it on to the customer,” said mechanic Douglas Andrew, owner of the 40-year-old independent repair shop Doug’s Automotive Repair, near The
Falls in Kendall. Oil prices have gone up dramatically, Andrew said. This can make a simple oil change more costly.
“Where it is a problem right now is special-order items from the dealers,” Andrew said. “If I have to order something from Ford ... it’s a problem because a lot of parts are not in stock. They say it can be on the boat. Or they don’t really know where it is. But the bottom line is it’s not available. I have an ABS module for a customer’s car that’s been on back order for five weeks.” ABS is a microprocessor that runs diagnostic checks of a vehicle’s anti-lock braking system.
This is a problem for people in South Florida.
“This is Miami. In New York if you don’t have a car, so what, you can live with that. New York’s got subways,” Andrew notes. “Here in Miami, if you don’t have a car then it’s Lyft or Uber or no transportation.”
HOUSING AND UTILITIES
Rent and home prices are increasing nationwide — which can be good for sellers, but bad for buyers.
Average monthly rents in South Florida jumped 36% in 2021, the biggest increase in the country, according to an analysis published in October by Redfin, a real estate company. Fort Lauderdale, Miami and West Palm Beach saw the fastest rising rents, with an average monthly cost of $2,871, according to the analysis. Tampa was No. 4 and Orlando 10.
Florida’s surge is likely because of remote workers who left expensive cities such as New York City and Seattle but didn’t want to make a long-term investment in Florida’s housing market, which has a variety of climate risks such as sea-level rise and hurricanes, Redfin Chief Economist Daryl Fairweather said.
Redfin lead economist Taylor Marr, in an email to the Miami Herald, described Florida as a “hotbed” for second home sales and vacation rentals, which has reduced the availability of long-term rentals in the housing market.
“That being said, I can’t imagine rent growth staying at the current rate,” Marr said. “I expect rental prices to increase next year, but the rate of growth will decelerate in tandem with the rest of the country.”
Median sale price for condos and townhouses has also increased by 20.6% and single-family home sale prices have gone up by 19.5% in the Broward, Miami-Dade and Palm Beach County areas, according to the Florida Realtors’ third-quarter residential market sales report.
Fairweather said rising costs on food and gas are likely motivating people across the country to buy homes since mortgage rates are still near historic lows. As inflation increases, mortgage rates will climb, which means now might be a good time to buy a home with a low fixed mortgage rate to avoid paying higher interest rates later, according to Forbes. That’s because home ownership is considered a “type of hedge against inflation,” because the cost of your home stays the same (you’re shielded from rising rent) while its value increases.
For families struggling to cover basic needs including food, housing, child care, healthcare and transportation — the cost of living in South Florida could get harder. In Miami-Dade, about 54% of households struggle to get by, according to the United Way of Miami.
More than half of Miami-Dade’s households are bringing in less income today than they were nearly two years ago when the pandemic arrived, according to a survey released by the United Way of Miami in October that analyzed how the pandemic affected households with lesser income.
Chapman Partnership, an agency that assists people who become homeless, says it has seen an uptick over the past six months in the average hourly wage of people who use their services. Its been a great motivator to get people to work, but it’s often not enough to make them self-sufficient without additional assistance, said Christina Scott, a Chapman spokeswoman.
Rising costs also bring challenges for people who are trying to recover from pandemic job loss, like former David’s Bridal employee Vanessa Cuni. Unemployment benefits helped pay her bills until June. Then she was evicted from her Miami home.
“I never in a million years thought I was gonna be homeless … I had five children and I’ve always survived,” Cuni said. “I’ve always had a good job.”
The 44-year-old used her savings to stay at a hotel. When her money ran out, she slept on the streets for nearly three months until a group connected her to Chapman Partnership.
The agency gave her a room to stay in at its Homestead location, and a few weeks ago helped her find a new full-time job with DirecTV. It pays her $17 an hour and gives her full benefits.
Cuni was ready to start over. Then she started apartment hunting.
“I’m trying to find a cheap place now and it’s impossible,” she said.
Cuni’s kids are grown now so she just needs an efficiency or a one-bedroom, ideally near her job, which is in the Cutler Ridge area, to cut bus fare and commute time. She has looked for housing as far south as Homestead, but so far, finding an affordable home, even with
Watch as the Federal Reserve explains inflation.
Chapman’s help, hasn’t been easy.
Cuni isn’t sure South Florida is the place for her anymore. “I want to leave,” she said.
TIPS:
If you’re at risk of eviction, a variety of resources can help with rent or to find a temporary place to stay in MiamiDade and Broward counties. One of the best websites to look at is axishelps.org, which lists assistance programs with information on how to apply. Some of the programs are countywide and others are city specific.
If you are at risk or experiencing homelessness, Miami-Dade County’s Homeless Trust has resources online. If you need additional homeless prevention assistance, call the hotline at 877-994-4357, select a language and press 1 to discuss your situation and next steps. Information on homeless prevention assistance can also be obtained by calling or visiting any of Miami-Dade’s Community Resource Centers.
Other organizations also provide help including Camillus House, Catholic Charities, Jewish Community Services of South Florida, United Way of Miami-Dade, United Way of Broward and Lotus
House.
If you need help paying your FPL bill, visit FPL.com/Help or call 800-226-3545 for a list of financial assistance programs that are available. Keep in mind that each program has different requirements and not everyone who applies for assistance will qualify.
You can also find tips and tools to help lower your electricity bill.
If you need help paying more than your electric bill, FPL also lists other programs and services through its “Community Resources” section. Some of these programs cater to senior citizens; others are for low-income households or provide food and disaster relief.
Organizations include the Lifeline Program, which can help pay a portion of your monthly telephone bill and the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA), which offers free tax help for low- to moderate-income Florida residents. See the full list at https://www.fpl .com/help/communityresources.html
If you’re looking to purchase a home, Chris Umpierre, the VP of communications for the Miami Association of Realtors, said to hold off until spring as homeowners put their homes for sale and there’s more availability.
ENTERTAINMENT
Live concerts, theatrical events and other entertainment options have come back, but not all of the fans have. Some are still concerned about sharing the communal experience in large crowds. The cost to get touring talent onto stages from state to state is up. And coping with COVID protocols brings expenses to venues that didn’t exist in 2019. But there are ways to save on tickets.
Traditional movie cinemas have been challenged by the pandemic because so many more people have become consumers of Netflix, Amazon Prime Video and other services, University of Miami professor John Quelch said. “No. 1, they are very cost effective. No. 2, people have large televisions in their living rooms with a big screen where they can view a movie even in highdefinition and can enjoy the company of family and friends at the same time. Amortize the cost of the movie or the show across multiple individuals.”
So while the economics of going to a movie in a cinema may not make as much sense, note that some of the video content that used to be offered for free to customers of Amazon Prime Video through your monthly charges now is no longer free nearly two years into the pandemic.
“The strategy was clearly to bring new customers in, get them hooked on the product. And now what they’re doing is charging for content that previously a year ago they were not charging for,” Quelch said. “The consumer is going to become frustrated by the fact that they’re now having to pay for something that they used to get for free. And they might then consider a blended solution to their entertainment which involves both visits to the cinema and watching on Netflix.”
Big screen epics made for IMAX screens, for instance, may thrive postpandemic.
As for live theater, “the cost of doing business in the entertainment industry, especially theater, has gone up tremendously,” said Barbara Stein, executive producing director of Actors’ Playhouse at the Miracle Theatre in Coral Gables.
One reason: Equity union rules that mandate COVID testing three times a week for cast, crew, musicians and house staff.
“We open ’On Your Feet’ in January and will be having to test three times a week 50 people,” Stein said. “So that, right there is a burden and a cost but also a safety precaution for the well-being of our community.”
Sanitation and protocol costs are another expense to cover. That’s the cost of doing business — convincing patrons that it is safe to attend live performances again. And shows can cost plenty to stage.
“On Your Feet,” the touring Broadway musical life story of Emilio and Gloria Estefan, will cost about $900,000 to stage at the Miracle, Stein said.
“You can’t give it away. You’ve got to have people support having a show like this in the Estefans’ hometown with actors that were in the original Broadway show and with a tour director and original choreographer and trucking in original set pieces and costumes from that tour that cost $8,000 to bring in,” Stein said.
“You’ve got to cover that cost somehow. We’ve been working really diligently to keep our theater ticket costs down and to create all sorts of deals,” Stein said, “including tiered seating, so we can make the theater affordable for anybody to come.”
TIPS:
Check a theater’s official website to see if there are deals on tickets. At Actors’ Playhouse, for instance, Stein points to tiered seating, which offers some seats farther from the stage at a discount — $55 for the current “Middletown” vs. $80, and a seat in the back of a 600-seat venue like the Miracle Theatre’s main stage hall is akin in some respects to a house seat at a larger venue like the Arsht in Miami or Broward Center in Fort Lauderdale.
Actors’ Playhouse also has experimented with BOGO deals, or 50% off offers that can bring a mainstage show down to $30, and other ongoing incentives.
Consider preview performances on Wednesday and Thursday nights before a show’s Friday opening night. Preview tickets are less expensive but it’s the same production, more or less. Sure, a show can be fine-tuned during its run but unless you’re a theater critic, does this really matter? Also, even during the run, weeknights are less expensive than Friday and Saturday nights and Sunday matinees.
If you’re a student or have a child, take advantage of student discounts. Some restaurants, retail stores, theaters, museums and other attractions offer discounts to students.
If you have a public library card in MiamiDade, you can check out free passes at your local branch to a variety of museums and attractions, including Vizcaya’s Museum and Gardens, Zoo Miami and the Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science. Each pass is good for up to a family of four, but availability is limited so check online first at mdpls.org by clicking “Museum Pass” under the “Using the Library” tab on the home page.
Howard Cohen: 305-376-3619, @HowardCohen Michelle Marchante: 305-376-2708, @TweetMichelleM Kalia Richardson: 786-724-8364, @Kaliarichardson