ON THIS DATE
In 1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed an act establishing the Department of Agriculture.
In 1928, the Walt Disney cartoon character Mickey Mouse made his debut in the silent animated short “Plane Crazy.”
In 1948, hours after declaring its independence, the new state of Israel was attacked by Transjordan,
Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon.
In 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court, in its unanimous In re Gault decision, ruled that juveniles accused of crimes were entitled to the same due process afforded adults.
In 1970, just after midnight, Phillip Lafayette Gibbs and James Earl Green, two Black students at Jackson State College in Mississippi, were killed as police opened fire during student protests.
In 1972, Alabama Gov. George C. Wallace was shot and left paralyzed while campaigning for president in Laurel, Maryland, by Arthur H. Bremer, who served 35 years for attempted murder.
In 1975, U.S. forces invaded the Cambodian island of Koh Tang and captured the American merchant ship Mayaguez, which had been seized by the Khmer Rouge. (All 39 crew members had already been released safely by Cambodia; some 40 U.S. servicemen were killed in connection with the operation.)
In 1988, the Soviet Union began the process of withdrawing its troops from Afghanistan, more than eight years after Soviet forces entered the country.
In 2000, by a 5-4 vote, the U.S. Supreme Court threw out a key provision of the 1994 Violence Against Women Act, saying that rape victims could not sue their attackers in federal court.
In 2007, the Rev. Jerry Falwell, who built the Christian right into a political force, died in Lynchburg, Virginia, at age 73.
In 2009, General Motors told about 1,100 dealers their franchises would be terminated.
In 2015, a jury sentenced Dzhokhar Tsarnaev to death for the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing that killed three and left more than 250 wounded.
In 2020, President Donald Trump formally unveiled a coronavirus vaccine program, “Operation Warp Speed,” to speed development of COVID-19 vaccines and quickly distribute them around the country. Actor Fred Willard, whose films included “Best In Show” and “Anchorman,” died at 86.
Ten years ago: Francois Hollande became president of France after a ceremony at the Elysee Palace; he was the country’s first Socialist leader since Francois Mitterrand left office in 1995. Cleveland Cavaliers guard Kyrie Irving was named NBA Rookie of the Year.
— ASSOCIATED PRESS