Iran moves to increase uranium enrichment and bar nuclear inspectors

Iran passed a law Wednesday to immediately begin enriching uranium to a level closer to weapons grade and to suspend the access of international inspectors to its nuclear facilities if sanctions are not lifted by early February, shortly after Presidentelect Joe Biden takes office.

The law was the clearest fallout yet from the assassination of Iran’s top nuclear scientist. Iranian officials have promised to avenge the killings.

The law orders Iran’s atomic-energy agency to begin enriching uranium to 20% immediately, returning Iran’s enrichment program to the level that existed before the 2015 nuclear agreement.

While converting the entire stockpile could take six months, the order to do so could be seen as a provocation in the waning days of the Trump administration. President Donald Trump has considered attacking Iran during his lame-duck period.

The law sets a two-month deadline for oil and banking sanctions against Iran to be lifted before barring inspectors, creating a potential crisis for the early days of the Biden administration. The timing seems deliberately intended to press Biden to reenter the nuclear deal.

The speaker of Iran’s Parliament, Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf, a former commander of Iran’s Revolutionary Guard, said the measure was meant to send the West a message in the aftermath of the assassination that the

“one-way game is over.”

Iran’s parliament, dominated by conservatives, initially passed the law in an angry session Tuesday in which lawmakers fumed over the killing of the scientist. The scientist, Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, a high-ranking official in the Defense Ministry, was killed Friday in an ambush that intelligence officials have attributed to Israel.

“The criminal enemy will not feel remorse unless we show a fierce reaction,” Qalibaf said. Lawmakers stood up in the chamber with fists in the air, chanting “death to Israel” and “death to America” as they passed the bill.

The law was ratified by Iran’s Guardian Council, an appointed body that oversees the elected government, on Wednesday.

President Hassan Rouhani had opposed the move, calling it counterproductive.

“The government does not agree with this legislation and considers it damaging for diplomacy,” he said Wednesday before the law was ratified.

However, his government is now obliged to carry it out.

The order to enrich uranium at 20% would be a concern because it is considered to be close to the threshold of bomb-grade uranium, which can be as high as roughly 90%. Iran has said its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes, though Israeli officials and some American intelligence officials believe that Iran has a secret weapons program.

Iran had limited its enrichment to under 4% under the nuclear agreement, which the Trump administration abandoned in 2018.

It was not immediately clear how long it would take Iran to reach 20% enrichment, but David Albright, president of the Institute for Science and International Security, said it could be done in as fast as six months.

“They know how to do it,” Albright said in an interview. “They’ve done it before. Something less than six months is the worst-case scenario if they devote all their resources to it.”

The Biden transition team did not comment on the Iranian law.

“We’ll decline to comment on this development out of respect for the principle that there is one president at a time,” said Ned Price, a spokesman.