Oral health during pregnancy

WHAT TO EXPECT WHEN EXPECTING

Women have so much to think about during pregnancy, but oral health shouldn’t be overlooked, because it can be affected by the hormonal changes experienced during that time.

Women are more likely to develop gingivitis during pregnancy. Gingivitis is an infection of the gingivae (gums) that can cause swelling and tenderness. The gums also may bleed a little when brushing or flossing. Left untreated, gingivitis can affect the supporting tissues that hold teeth in place. The dentist may recommend more frequent cleanings to prevent gingivitis.

Sometimes lumps appear along the gum line and between teeth. These swellings are harmless, but they bleed easily and are characterized by a red, raw-looking mulberry like surface. Although these growths are called “pregnancy tumors,” they are not cancerous. They usually go away on their own after pregnancy, but they can be removed under a local anesthetic if they are bothersome.

DENTAL CARE

It’s important to continue to see the dentist during pregnancy for oral examinations and professional teeth cleaning. Women should tell the dentist they are pregnant and about any changes noticed in their oral health.

Women should let the dentist know about any medications or supplements that are being taken. The dentist may need to use or prescribe medication as part of treatment. Some medications are safe for limited use during pregnancy, and some should not be used at all. For example, if developing an infection, the dentist might prescribe penicillin or amoxicillin. However, pregnant women should not be treated with tetracycline because it can stain the fetus’ developing teeth. Once they erupt, the teeth may look gray or brown permanently as a result of these stains.

The dentist or physician can talk about medications that are safe to use during pregnancy. Although radiography (X-rays) often can be delayed until after the baby is born, the dentist may need to obtain an X-ray as part of dental treatment. To minimize exposure and that of the fetus to X-rays, the dentist will cover the abdomen with a protective apron and place a thyroid collar over the throat. Women should talk with the dentist or physician about any concerns there might be about treatment. Good daily care is key to oral health.

To help prevent caries (tooth decay) and gum disease, teeth should be brushed thoroughly twice a day with fluoride toothpaste to remove plaque, and floss or another interdental cleaner should be used daily between the teeth. The dentist or hygienist can demonstrate how to brush and floss correctly. When choosing oral care products, it’s best to find those that display the American Dental Association’s Seal of Acceptance, the assurance that they have met ADA criteria for safety and effectiveness.

DIET

Frequent snacking may increase the risk of developing tooth decay, which is caused by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms constantly on teeth. The bacteria convert sugar and starch that remain in the mouth after eating to acid that attacks tooth enamel. The longer the sugars remain in the mouth, the longer the acids attack. After repeated attacks, tooth decay can result.

Oral health is an important part of overall health, and untreated dental disease can be harmful to both the woman and the baby. Women need to include oral health in the daily self-care routine and keep the dentist informed of any changes in oral health during pregnancy.

Pediatric Dental Associates and Orthodontics is located at 1607 E Rainforest Road in Fayetteville. They can be reached by telephone at (479) 5820600, or online at smilesarewild.com.