Sellers find an enchanting way to honor gods at Bolivia shops
LA PAZ, Bolivia — At the Witches’ Market in Bolivia’s capital city, llama fetuses hang above stalls as offerings to the mother earth spirit known as Pachamama. Tourists and residents line up to buy medicinal plants to heal their bodies and ward off curses, while “yatiris,” or indigenous healers, offer to read their fortunes on coca leaves.
Incense air.
It’s all part of the mystical aura of this colorful market devoted to the worship of ancient Andean gods. The market seems stuck in time amid the urban chaos of La Paz, in a neighborhood just blocks from the presidential palace.
“This is live ancestral wisdom mixed with new elements, but it keeps its roots,” said David Mendoza, a sociologist and member of the La Paz municipality patrimony directory.
Before the Spanish colonizers arrived, this was sacred ceremonial ground where animal blood was offered to thank the gods perfumes the for an abundant harvest. Those sacrifices don’t take place now, but other practices once considered pagan have survived efforts to uproot them. And the site has become a tourist attraction.
“Witchcraft is not ours, it’s related to the devil (beliefs) that were brought by the Spanish colonizers,” said Helena Martinez, a spiritual guide. “Our thing is all about culture. And the offerings to the gods seek harmony with nature.”
In this same place in 1549, the Franciscan order built a church. It was rebuilt some 200 years later by indigenous people who had converted to Catholicism. In its baroquestyled facade, they carved in stone the head of a bull, a symbol of the colonizers, as well as Franciscan shields, and a bare-breasted goddess, who Mendoza says is Pachamama, a symbol of earth’s fertility for Andean cultures.
Anthropologists say that the indigenous would camouflage their beliefs under Catholic ones. That created a blend of Christian and ancestral rites, called religious syncretism. It is recognized by the Bolivian Constitution under the Bolivia. term “Andean cosmovision,” and it is practiced by many in the mostly indigenous South American country.
Llama fetuses remain one of the most popular and exotic offerings to Pachamama at the market.
“Every offering is prepared by us and has its own meaning,” said Veronica Quispe, a ritual organizer. “It’s like offering a plate of food to Pachamama as a way to thank her.”
The llama has traditionally been regarded as sacred to the Indians of Bolivia and other Andean countries because it was a source of wool, transportation and food. The fetus of the animal symbolizes the messenger that takes requests from people to the gods, Quispe said.
A plaque at the atrium of the San Francis church that is part of the market reads: “What began causing divisions, ended up uniting two cultures in a rich blend of cultures that marks the identity of this unique city.”
The office of the La Paz mayor is now promoting a law that would pay tribute to the market. It is as a first step before authorities request UNESCO World Heritage status for the site.