Barack Obama’s
Meeting highlights Obama’s mixed record on nukes
nuclear-security summit spotlights his mixed record on the issue.
WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama convened more than 50 world leaders in Washington this week hoping that international progress on one of his long-standing policy priorities, nonproliferation, would outlast his administration, but the gathering served mostly to highlight the mixed record of Obama’s nuclear agenda.
At the fourth and final in a series of nuclear security summits started by his administration, Obama touted successes including a reduction in global nuclear stockpiles and the landmark nuclear deal between Iran and six nations.
Yet the absence of nuclear superpower Russia from the summit was notable, and Obama and other leaders debated at length how to keep nuclear materials from terrorists.
The president argued that collective action by the international community has helped stymie extremists’ pursuit of nuclear materials.
“Over the past six years, when it comes to nuclear security, we’ve embraced a new type of thinking — and a new type of action,” he said Friday. “This is a perfect example of a 21stcentury security challenge that no one nation can solve alone.”
For the first time, the assembled world leaders were to participate in a simulation exercise at the summit to test how they might respond to a potential nuclear terrorist threat. The possibility that people associated with Islamic State were surveilling an official at a Belgian nuclear facility raised alarm after last week’s bombings in Brussels about the extremist group’s goals.
But Obama reiterated Friday that no terrorist group has obtained a nuclear weapon.
Counterterrorism was not the primary goal of the summit process Obama launched in 2009. Rather, he sought to gain commitments from countries to reduce or eliminate stockpiles of weapons-usable nuclear materials, or build new safeguards against theft.
Experts say significant progress has been made toward those goals.
The White House also praised the creation of centers in several countries that train nuclear professionals at international standards and noted that 2005 amendments to an international agreement on protecting nuclear material are on track to come into force after ratification in additional nations.
An analysis by the Nuclear Threat Initiative noted that 24 countries have such supplies of highly enriched uranium or separated plutonium that could be used in nuclear weapons, down from 35 at the start of Obama’s administration.
But six nations are increasing their supplies, including isolated North Korea as well as Pakistan. Deteriorating U.S.-Russia relations also have resulted in lapses in cooperation on reducing nuclear materials.
The decision of Russian President Vladimir Putin not to attend the summit raised concerns among nuclear energy experts. Russia possesses half of the world’s nuclear weapons and half of the world’s nuclear-use materials.
It was also the destination for the enriched uranium that Iran agreed to get rid of as part of its landmark nuclear deal last year.
Putin’s absence “creates a big hole,” said William Tobey, senior fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.
He outlined several worrisome problems with Russia’s nuclear security program, including two recent 10 percent cuts in the Russian federal budget, aging equipment, and endemic corruption and organized crime.
The Russian nuclear regulatory agency recently responded to budget cuts by keeping personnel but cutting travel, meaning inspectors cannot go to the plants they should be inspecting, he said.
He said another growing concern is the rise in Islamic fundamentalism in parts of Russia, including the Caucasus region and, more recently, the Urals, also home to some of the country’s most sensitive nuclear installations.
Obama administration officials insisted that progress has been made in potential “hot spots” where nuclear material could represent a threat, including India and Pakistan.
Obama deserves credit for elevating the issue of nuclear security, which itself produced tangible accomplishments, said Joseph Cirincione, president of the Ploughshares Fund, a nonproliferation advocacy group. Ukraine’s removal of all of its highly enriched uranium years before its current instability is “the poster child for the success of this effort.”
But it has also faltered in the face of what he called the “three R’s” — Russia, Republicans who’ve stood in the way of efforts like the Iran deal, and resistance even within the Obama administration to implement the president’s goals, particularly at the Pentagon.
“He had a very ambitious agenda,” Cirincione said. “The vision was correct. His analysis of the danger was correct. It was just much harder than he thought it was going to be.”