TODAY IN HISTORY

On Dec. 28, 1612, Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei observed the planet Neptune but mistook it for a star.

In 1832, John C. Calhoun became the first vice president of the United States to resign, doing so because of differences with President Andrew Jackson.

In 1846, Iowa became the 29th state to be admitted to the Union.

In 1895, the Lumiere brothers, Auguste and Louis, held the first public showing of their movies.

In 1945, Congress officially recognized the Pledge of Allegiance.

In 1961, Former first lady Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, the second wife of President Woodrow Wilson, died at age 89.

In 1972, Kim Il Sung, the premier of North Korea, was named the country's president under a new constitution.