Child care faces new challenges in the age of COVID-19
For the first time in months, young children will toddle through the door at Hug Me Tight Childlife Center on Monday.
But for child care centers, reopening isn’t as simple as just throwing open the doors and inviting children and families back in.
Closed since mid-March as part of measures taken to slow the spread of COVID-19, Hug Me Tight and other child care providers must navigate a host of financial, logistical and staffing issues.
“It’s going to be a significant challenge . ... I want to stay in business. I want to,” said Wanda Franklin, executive director of the center in Pittsburgh’s Hill District.
Last week, in preparation for reopening, her staff descended on Hug Me Tight’s classrooms, painted a cheerful blue, to disinfect bright red chairs, plastic toys and tables the children will soon occupy.
Like many centers, Hug Me
Tight has lost tens of thousands of dollars in parent co-pays during the months it was closed. It likely will have decreased enrollment, at least initially, due to parents who are hesitant to return their children to a group setting. Some staff members are older than age 60, and some have underlying health conditions. The facility will have to operate under new social distancing and cleaning rules that will require additional staff to serve the same number of children as attended previously.
Ms. Franklin also is sensitive to the need to balance safety with all other concerns. While large parts of the economy are reopening, the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing.
“Those that have really suffered tremendous loss [to COVID19] are primarily of African American descent. We are very concerned about this thing. It is evident that disproportionately, we are affected. I want to be careful; I am being very cautious,” she said.
“I want to move forward, but I want to be as pro-health as possible.”
But fewer children, more staff and more cleaning will squeeze what was already a fragile business model.
Financial challenges
Last month, state officials announced they would distribute about $51 million in federal aid to Pennsylvania child care providers. Ms. Franklin estimates her center would receive about $6,000. But Hug Me Tight has lost about $30,0000 in the months it has been closed.
“Realistically, additional support is needed from the state from a financial aspect,” she said.
The state has said it will distribute some additional federal funds following the completion of a study. It also has continued to distribute subsidy payments for its Child Care Works program.
Ms. Franklin isn’t the only one who is concerned.
By late March, child care advocates and centers were sounding the alarm — without significant financial help, many providers would not reopen after the pandemic due to the loss of parent payments.
By the end of this week, about 84% of the county’s centers will have reopened, said Wendy Etheridge Smith, director of the Allegheny County Early Learning Resource Center, though many are not operating at full capacity.
It is unclear how long some providers can operate and still be viable if they aren’t at full capacity, said Cara Ciminillo, executive director of advocacy group Trying Together. The organization has pushed state officials to quickly distribute all available federal funds to child care providers.
As of earlier this month, 24 providers statewide had notified Pennsylvania’s Department of Human Services of plans to permanently close.
Even prior to the pandemic, Allegheny County had a shortage of high-quality programs such as Hug Me Tight. The program is designated a four-star center, the highest quality rating given by the state.
There were approximately 44,650 children under age 5 in Allegheny County in need of care, with a provider capacity of about 35,000, according to a study completed last fall. Of those, only about 42% — slightly over 15,000 children — were in a program rated by the state as high-quality.
Kids who attend highquality programs (those given a three- or four-star rating by the state) have better cognitive development, better school attendance, and many more long-lasting advantages, according to the report, which called for the county to dedicate funds to expand access to early learning, as well as after-school programs for older children.
The pandemic hurt what was an already-stressed child care system.
Child care is inherently costly because of the required ratios of adults to young children, said Elliot Haspel, author of “Crawling Behind: America’s Childcare Crisis and How to Fix It.”
Where one elementary school teacher might have as many as 25 children in a classroom, infants and toddlers have one teacher for every four to six children.
Additionally, “there’s very little public money flowing into child care centers. As a result, child care centers have no choice but to turn to parent fees,” Mr. Haspel said.
Child care is often very costly to parents and families, but low-paying for the teachers who provide care.
Add to that pandemic-induced, months-long closures; new guidelines in place that require more cleaning and additional staff (driving up costs); and parents who might be hesitant to put their children in care (driving down enrollments and revenue).
If COVID-19 was an earthquake, the coming difficulties to operating child care programs will be aftershocks, Mr. Haspell said.
“In order to stay solvent, programs have to stay very, very close to full enrollment,” which will be much harder to do now, he said.
“All of that is creating an enormous amount of stress on a system that really can’t take it.”
A new normal
Still, Ms. Franklin is pushing forward.
In the weeks before reopening, she and her staff at Hug Me Tight struggled to envision the reality of caring for children in the age of COVID-19 under guidelines issued by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Ms. Franklin and a halfdozen teachers gathered in an office in late May and, with masks muffling their voices, pondered questions faced by child care workers throughout Western Pennsylvania.
What if a young child is crying and inconsolable or falls and scrapes a knee? Do you give the child a hug?
“You can’t be hugging right now,” Ms. Franklin instructed. “We have to social distance according to the CDC guidelines, which we are going to be following to the ‘T.’ ”
“These are kids, we’re going to have incidents where they’re falling,” said Tina Robinson, the center’s assistant director.
“I understand that, but we’re adhering to the CDC guidelines,” Ms. Franklin replied.
How do you show a child love when you can’t physically hold them?
“Eye contact,” teaching assistant Marquette Reynolds advised. “And you come down to their level.”
Another method of providing comfort, Ms. Reynolds later suggested, was by clasping a child’s hands.
The discussion continued a week later, during a formal staff meeting. By then, Ms. Franklin had worked out a number of issues that would help ensure the safety of children and staff.
All children will enter through one side door, she said, and will be assigned a QR bar code that will be scanned upon entering and leaving. Parents will not be allowed inside the building. Two teachers will be assigned to each classroom — enough staff to keep up with sanitizing surfaces and toys.
“And on top of that, everybody’s gonna have to wash hands. Hourly,” Ms. Franklin said.
Persuading children to wash up presents another challenge, said Donna Jackson, 62, who teaches 2-yearolds.
“We’ll make it fun by using songs,” she said. “Kids like to be entertained at all times. So if you make it fun, they’ll tolerate it.”
Ms. Jackson said teachers must be vigilant in discouraging children from putting toys in their mouths. She plans to limit the number of toys available and minimize the number of children playing in certain areas.
One mile east of the center, on Webster Avenue in the Hill District, Tamaira Binion and her 2-year-old son, Jann Council Jr., are looking forward to the child care center’s reopening.
Needing child care
For the past few months, Ms. Binion, 37, has balanced her parental duties with work, which she conducts remotely from a desk on the first floor of her home. Her husband, Jann, owns a small grocery store in Northview Heights and has worked through the shutdown, so Ms. Binion is at home alone with her son most of the day. It has been tough on both mother and child.
Until the COVID-19 shutdown, Jann Jr. spent up to nine hours a day at Hug Me Tight. Ms. Binion plans to ease him back into the program. He’ll start Monday, spending four to six hours there.
“My family is very blessed; we still have jobs,” said Ms. Binion, assistant director of alumni relations at Carnegie Mellon University. “We’re not struggling financially. But I do feel we are struggling mentally. I’ve had a few meltdowns. I’ve broken down and cried because my whole day revolves around a 2-year-old. There’s no time for myself, to remind myself I’m human, too.”
While she works, Jann plays nearby, sometimes pushing a toy firetruck across the floor or sitting at a small desk next to his mother. On occasion, Ms. Binion pauses her work to change his diaper.
“I can’t be on five Zoom calls a day,” she said. “I’ll have a very angry toddler attached to me. I’ve had calls where he broke down crying and screaming and I had to say, ‘I can’t do this right now.’ He’s my number one priority and my job is very understanding of that.”
Jann Jr. yearns to see his friends and teachers again, Ms. Binion said. Returning to Hug Me Tight for a few hours each day will allow him to reconnect and give Ms. Binion some uninterrupted work time.
“Some parents are not comfortable sending their kids back, but my son … I still feel like he needs more of a social environment,” Ms. Binion said. “He’s struggling. It’s hard. You’ve just turned their whole world upside down [with the shutdown].”
To keep her son engaged, Ms. Binion said, she and Jann Jr. have been going on walks through the neighborhood, cooking and taking part in a daily educational activity like working with flash cards or completing art projects.
“We’re all just trying to get through it,” she said, “and if everyone gives themselves a little bit of grace, we’ll be OK.”
For help finding child care in Allegheny County, call the local Pennsylvania Department of Human Services’ Early Learning Resource Centers at 412-3503577 or visit https://tryingtogether.org/find-child-care/