GAME-CHANGING TRANSPORTATION

Electric aviation is just one advance at the very edge of clean mobility. Below, a roundup of other advances in decarbonizing the world’s transportation, on land and at sea.

LIQUIDHYDROGEN FERRIES

Hand it to the Norwegians for making green transport sound like death metal: Meet the MF Hydra — a ferry powered by supercooled liquid hydrogen. With room for 300 passengers and 80 cars, the angular ship looks like it shares a designer with the Tesla Cybertruck. Introduced in 2021, the ferry is expected to reduce the carbon footprint by up to 95 percent.

FUEL-CELL FREIGHT TRAINS

Hydrogen can be tricky: Both the gas tanks and the fuel cells that turn the gas into electricity are bulky. But there’s plenty of room on the rails, where hydrogen has become an alternative when electrification is too costly or impractical. Canada is testing hydrogen retrofits of diesel engines that will pull freight from Calgary to Edmonton.

AMMONIA CARGO SHIPS

Ocean shipping accounts for three percent of global greenhouse emissions. But shipbuilders have begun pivoting from diesel to a surprising substitute. Comprised of hydrogen and nitrogen, ammonia is better known as a cleaning agent or fertilizer, but it can also power combustion engines. To make it, you only need electricity and water.