Argentines push back against leaders revising history
BUENOS AIRES, Argentina — As Argentina on Sunday marked the most traumatic date in its modern history — the 1976 military coup that ushered in a brutal dictatorship — President Javier Milei posted a startling video that demanded justice. Not for those who suffered in the “dirty war” under the junta, but for those victims of leftist guerrillas before the putsch.
Milei posted the video as thousands filled the streets of Buenos Aires to commemorate the 48th anniversary of the coup and the seven years that followed when as many as 30,000 people were killed or were forcibly disappeared in a systematic campaign that still haunts the country.
The video by the president, a far-right economist who took office in December, referred to “the other dead” before the coup, part of a contentious effort by the government to change Argentina’s memory of its recent history.
Opponents see the cause as equating guerrilla violence with state terror, justifying the junta’s repression of anyone deemed subversive.
“FOR A COMPLETE MEMORY SO THAT THERE IS TRUTH AND JUSTICE,” Milei wrote on X Sunday with the video, which featured a cast of obscure figures — a woman who lost her father and sister to guerrilla violence, a repentant leftist militant and a former intelligence official — all discussing the dictatorship’s repression in the context of a wider war.
“Those responsible for these crimes cannot go unpunished,” posted Vice President Victoria Villarruel. Her caption: “It wasn’t 30,000.”
Before becoming Argentina’s polished and powerful vice president, Villarruel was best known as a fringe activist who paid prison visits to military junta leader Jorge Rafael Videla, challenged human rights groups’ estimate of 30,000 disappeared people, and founded a nongovernmental organization championing victims of leftist militants. Her uncle, Ernesto Guillermo Villarruel, was accused of committing crimes against humanity in a clandestine detention center.
Her extreme views, once dismissed by Argentines united in pain over their country’s memory, are now being discussed in mainstream circles, cracking a consensus that has held through Argentina’s 41 years of democracy.
“This is the first time I’ve seen a government defying the narrative we’ve had for decades,” said 46-year-old Matias Reggiardo, one of 500 Argentines born in captivity and stolen as an infant from his dissident parents before they were killed by the military. “It’s terrifying to find people in Milei’s government cast doubt on our stories.”
There is also alarm that changing how the country understands its dictatorship could put the rallying cry of democratic Argentina — “Nunca Mas,” or “Never Again” — at risk.
“Our society is being confronted with the question of its future — whether the era of human rights under which we lived for 40 years is coming to an end or not,” said Gaston Chillier, a human rights lawyer.
“It’s a global trend,” he added, referring to far-movements that gained momentum with former U.S. President Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil, a defender of his country’s military dictatorship.
“It’s clear this new government wants to make things hard for us,” said 82-year-old Carmen Arias, who joined a group of Argentine mothers seeking to learn the fates of their disappeared children after her younger brother vanished in 1977. The women, known as Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo, have circled the same Buenos Aires plaza in protest every Thursday for 47 years.
“As long as we’re alive, we’ll keep going, and after we’re gone, the youth will keep it going,” Arias said Thursday, straining to be heard over the chanting crowds. Since Milei came to power, slashing state spending and railing against feminism, the mothers’ somber ritual has swelled into raucous anti-government rallies.