HEALTH OFFICIALS CAUTIOUSLY OPTIMISTIC OF REDUCED COVID THREAT THIS WINTER
Fauci, others push for those eligible to get updated booster
Federal health officials expressed optimism Tuesday that the nation was better prepared to weather a surge of COVID-19 infections this winter compared with a year earlier, and they renewed their pleas for Americans to get an updated booster shot before the holidays.
While the trajectory of the virus remains uncertain, Dr. Anthony Fauci, President Joe Biden’s chief medical adviser, said the administration was hopeful that the combination of infections and vaccinations had created “enough community protection that we’re not going to see a repeat of what we saw last year at this time” when a brand-new variant, Omicron, emerged seemingly out of the blue.
As families gather for Thanksgiving, the coronavirus appears to be less of a threat to most Americans than it was a year ago, when Omicron began spreading infection at an alarming rate.
At the time, Biden banned travel from eight African nations and warned Americans not to panic, and he later dispatched military medical workers to hospitals that officials feared would be overrun with patients.
Now, Dr. Ashish Jha, the White House’s COVID-19 response coordinator, said he was confident about the holiday season as long as Americans continued to get vaccinated and boosted. “Nothing I have seen in the subvariants makes me believe that we can’t manage our way through it effectively, especially if people step up and get their vaccine,” he said at a White House briefing.
That could be a significant caveat. Weary of two years of repeated vaccination campaigns, Americans have been reluctant to embrace the updated booster shots that the administration rolled out in September. Thus far, only 35 million people have received one of the revised shots from Moderna and Pfizer. The administration bought enough doses for nearly five times as many people.
In San Diego County, fewer than one in five residents who qualify for a bivalent coronavirus booster
shot have received one, according to local vaccination reports.
An average of roughly 300 Americans a day are still dying of COVID-19, even though federal health officials say nearly every COVID-19 death is now preventable through vaccination and treatment. Other respiratory illnesses, including the flu and respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, are also resurging after two years of low levels of infection.
And where the coronavirus is headed remains a mystery. Federal officials have been watching a new subvariant of Omicron called XBB with some trepidation. The new subvariant accounts
for only a tiny percentage of cases in the United States so far, but it is showing up in testing of travelers at the nation’s major international airports and has taken hold in India and Singapore.
Fauci said that XBB appeared exceptionally agile at evading the antibodies that are created by prior infection or vaccination and that form the body’s first line of defense against the virus. But vaccine experts have long said that other parts of the immune system can kick in to ward off severe disease if antibodies fail to block the virus.
And Fauci said he and others were encouraged by data showing that countries like Singapore where XBB led to a jump in infections did not report a commensurate rise in hospitalizations.
Fauci, who became a household name during the pandemic and is retiring from government service at the end of the year, made what was most likely his last appearance in the White House briefing room and used the opportunity to urge Americans to get the updated booster shots.
“My message and my final message — maybe the final message I give you from this podium — is that, please, for your own safety, for that of your family, get your updated COVID-19 shot as soon as you’re eligible,” Fauci said.
The administration is making a renewed push for the new boosters over the next six weeks. It announced $475 million in spending to expand vaccination efforts at community health centers and other locations, and officials are hoping to reach more Americans by airing advertising during the World Cup. The government also warned that nursing homes must offer the updated shots to residents or face enforcement actions by regulators.
The push comes as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention delivered what some experts described as encouraging news about the effectiveness of the new shots.
A major new study released by the agency showed that the updated shots bolstered protection against symptomatic disease among adults by 28 percent to 56 percent, depending on a person’s age and how much time had passed since the previous shot. The researchers studied people who received a dose of the revised boosters from two months to more than eight months after their last vaccine dose, and they found greater benefits among those who waited longer.
“Is this a home run? No, but it’s a good base hit,” said Dr. Peter Marks, the top vaccine regulator at the Food and Drug Administration.
The study, the first one published that examined the real-world effectiveness of the new shots, looked at 360,000 adults who reported COVID-19 symptoms between mid-September and mid-November. Its significance is limited by the fact that the Omicron subvariant that accounted for the largest number of infections during that period, BA.5, has receded and now accounts for only one-quarter of cases in the United States.
“The variants in the real world have already moved on,” said Pei-Yong Shi, a virus expert at the University of Texas Medical Branch who has conducted laboratory studies of the updated boosters independently and in collaboration with Pfizer and its German partner, BioNTech.
Shi also said it was difficult to measure how well the updated boosters were working because so many people now had some immunity from earlier infections, including people who were never vaccinated or boosted. That can make estimates of the effectiveness of the updated shots look artificially low, he said.
Dr. Roby Bhattacharyya, an infectious disease physician at Massachusetts General Hospital, said the CDC study showed that the revised boosters were “clearly worth getting.”
Some other experts were more skeptical, saying that the new shots appeared to provide only moderate protection against symptomatic disease and that while such protection would help in the short term, it was unclear how long it would last.
While Americans’ shift indoors over the winter and the succession of holiday gatherings are expected to drive up cases, federal officials are not alone in their cautious optimism. Bhattacharyya said he did not expect the virus to cause as much suffering and death this winter as it did a year ago because “we’re a more immune population.”
Another study released by the CDC on Tuesday underscored the effectiveness of Paxlovid, an antiviral medication recommended for adults with mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19 who have a higher risk of severe illness.
Adults diagnosed with COVID-19 who were prescribed Paxlovid had a 51 percent lower hospitalization rate within 30 days of their diagnosis than those who were not prescribed the medication, the study found. For a five-month period ending in August, researchers compared nearly 200,000 adults who received Paxlovid within five days of their diagnosis with more than 500,000 people who did not receive it.
The study found that only 28 percent of those eligible for Paxlovid were prescribed it. The researchers said the medication should be offered to everyone eligible, especially older adults and people with multiple underlying health conditions. The study did not address how often COVID-19 symptoms rebounded after people finished the five-day treatment.