San Francisco Chronicle - (Sunday)

Inside a heist of U.S. chip designs in Taiwan

- By Paul Mozur Paul Mozur is a New York Times writer.

JINJIANG, China — With a dragnet closing in, engineers at a Taiwanese chipmaker holding U.S. secrets did their best to conceal a daring case of corporate espionage.

As police raided their offices, human resources workers gave the engineers a warning to scramble and get rid of the evidence. USB drives, laptops and documents were handed to a lower-level employee, who hid them in her locker. Then she walked one engineer’s phone out the front door.

What those devices contained was more valuable than gold or jewels: designs from a U.S. company, Micron Technology, for microchips that have helped power the global digital revolution. According to Taiwanese authoritie­s, the designs were bound for China, where they would help a new $5.7 billion microchip factory the size of several airplane hangars rumble into production.

China has ambitious plans to overhaul its economy and compete head to head with the United States and other nations in the technology of tomorrow. The heist of the designs two years ago and the raids last year, which were described by Micron in court filings and police in Taiwan, represent the dark side of that effort — and explain in part why the United States is starting a trade war with China.

A plan known as Made in China 2025 calls for the country to become a global competitor in an array of industries, including semiconduc­tors, robotics and electric vehicles. China is spending heavily to both innovate and buy up technology from abroad.

Politician­s in Washington and U.S. companies accuse China of veering into intimidati­on and outright theft to get there. And they see Micron, an Idaho company whose memory chips give phones and computers the critical ability to store and quickly retrieve informatio­n, as a prime example of that aggression.

Three years ago, Micron spurned a $23 billion takeover offer from a state-controlled Chinese company. Today, it faces a lawsuit and an investigat­ion in China, which accounts for about half its $20 billion in annual sales.

Then Micron was the target of the heist in Taiwan, according to officials there and a lawsuit the company has brought against the Taiwanese company that employed the engineers, UMC, and the Chinese company it says wanted access to the technology, Fujian Jinhua Integrated Circuit Co.

China defends Made in China 2025 as necessary for its economic survival. It still depends on other countries for crucial goods like chips and software, and China is offering funding for homegrown labs and for entreprene­urs who hope to grab a piece of the future.

But Trump administra­tion officials in a report this year recounted how Chinese officials have at times helped local companies get intellectu­al property from U.S. firms, including in the energy, electronic­s, software and avionics sectors.

U.S. business groups worried about Made in China 2025 point to Micron. The account of its struggles was based on Taiwanese and U.S. legal documents.

In 2015, representa­tives from Tsinghua Unigroup, a Chinese chipmaker with major state backing, approached Micron with an acquisitio­n offer, which the company rejected. It later also turned down several partnershi­p offers from Chinese companies out of concern for protecting its technology, said a person with knowledge of the situation, who asked not to be identified because the person lacked authorizat­ion to speak publicly.

That was when one Chinese company resorted to theft, Micron said in documents filed last December in U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California.

Micron’s accusation­s focus on efforts by Fujian Jinhua Integrated Circuit, a state-backed chipmaker, to build a $5.7 billion factory in China’s Fujian province. Two years ago, Jinhua tapped UMC, a Taiwanese company, to help it develop technology for the factory. Instead of going through the lengthy steps required to design the technology, Micron said in its suit, UMC and Jinhua decided to steal it.

A UMC spokesman denied the allegation­s and declined to comment further. Jinhua did not respond to requests for comment.

First, UMC lured away engineers from Micron’s Taiwan operations with promises of raises and bonuses, according to Taiwanese authoritie­s. Then, it asked them to take some of Micron’s secrets with them, according to Micron’s court filings and authoritie­s. The engineers illegally took with them more than 900 files that contained key specificat­ions and details about Micron’s advanced memory chips, authoritie­s said.

Micron grew suspicious, according to its court documents, after discoverin­g that one of its departing engineers had turned to Google for instructio­ns on how to wipe a company laptop. Later, at a recruiting event in the United States aimed at Micron employees, Jinhua and UMC showed PowerPoint slides that used Micron’s internal code names when discussing future chips it would make, according to the court documents.

Alerted by Micron, Taiwanese police tapped the phone of one Micron engineer, Kenny Wang, who was being recruited by UMC. According to an indictment in Taiwan against Wang and others, UMC reached out to Wang in early 2016 using Line, the smartphone messaging app, while he was still working for Micron. UMC explained it was having problems developing its memory chip technology. Wang then grabbed the informatio­n it needed from Micron’s servers and later used it to help UMC’s design. Police said Wang received a promotion at UMC.

When investigat­ors showed up at UMC’s offices early last year, police said, some employees rushed to hide what they had taken from Micron. Wang and another former Micron employee gave laptops, USB flash drives and documents to an assistant engineer, who locked them in her personal locker. She then left the office with Wang’s phone — the one that police had tapped, which was quickly tracked down.

UMC filed its own criminal complaint against Wang last year, which Taiwanese prosecutor­s rejected. Wang and other engineers who were charged said they had taken the trade secrets for personal research. Wang did not respond to emails and phone calls for comment.

In January, Micron was hit with a patent infringeme­nt suit by Jinhua and UMC over several types of memory. As part of the suit, the companies requested that the court bar Micron from making and selling the products and pay them damages.The case is being heard by a court in Fujian province. The Fujian provincial government is an investor in Jinhua.

In a letter sent to President Trump, Sens. Jim Risch and Michael D. Crapo, R-Idaho, expressed concern about the entire case and specifical­ly the rapid pace with which the patent lawsuit has proceeded. The case could block Micron from selling some products in China.

“If the case against Micron moves forward, and the Chinese government once again rules in favor of itself, it would cause substantia­l damage to Micron and the U.S. tech industry as a whole,” said the letter, which was viewed by the New York Times.

 ?? Paul Mozur / New York Times ?? A chip factory with about 100,000 square feet of office space in a region formerly known for manufactur­ing shoes is being built by Fujian Jinhua, a new semiconduc­tor maker, in Jinjiang, China.
Paul Mozur / New York Times A chip factory with about 100,000 square feet of office space in a region formerly known for manufactur­ing shoes is being built by Fujian Jinhua, a new semiconduc­tor maker, in Jinjiang, China.

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