Australia innovates in recycling

MELBOURNE, Australia — Since China stopped accepting much of the world’s recyclable waste last year, many countries have been faced with the challenge of how to deal with their own trash. In some places, plastic, paper and other scraps have been put in landfills or stockpiled, and fires at recycling centers have underlined the environmental risks. In other places, new fees have passed on the increased cost of dealing with these materials to consumers. Last week, leaders in Australia made bold moves toward eventually banning the export of any recyclable waste in a bid to increase onshore processing of the materials. The ultimate goal is to prevent the waste from ending up in the ocean, they said. “It’s our waste, and it’s our responsibility,” Scott Morrison, Australia’s prime minister, told reporters at a news conference Friday. Policy experts say that reducing initial consumption of materials is essential. But Australia’s commitment also involves developing new approaches to recycling that, if scaled up, might one day change where your takeout containers and coffee cups end up. Sixteen miles north of Melbourne, there is a road paved with the equivalent of 200,000 plastic bags, 63,000 glass bottles and waste toner from 4,500 printer cartridges. It is the first road in the world made of Reconophalt, a combination of recycled materials and asphalt. The new material is “a dumping ground for plastics,” said Peter Tamblyn, a spokesman for Close the Loop, the company that developed the material. So far, hundreds of miles of roads using Reconophalt have been laid around Australia, and trials are taking place in the United States and Britain. Factories that reprocess materials like plastic, glass and paper are usually large, expensive operations that produce one or a few recycled products. But researchers at the University of New South Wales in Sydney are exploring the possibility of “microfactories”: small, modular machines that can be used together in various combinations to create new materials. The system is designed to “decentralize” recycling, said Veena Sahajwalla, the director of the university’s Center for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology, who leads the project. “There’s more than enough waste available,” she added, “and there’s more than enough demand.” Disposable coffee cups might seem recyclable, but most are lined with a fine film of plastic that makes them very difficult and expensive to reprocess. The cups can, however, be mixed with recycled plastic to make various other products, including outdoor benches, vegetable garden planter boxes, coat hangers and even reusable coffee cups. “Our plan is always to make the waste into products that goes back to the customers we got the waste from in the first place,” said Robert Pascoe, the managing director of Closed Loop, which manufactures new materials from the disposable cups. Currently, the company recycles about 7 million cups per year. Pascoe said he hoped that one day, the increased use of reusable cups will render the company’s business model unnecessary.