South Florida Sun-Sentinel Palm Beach (Sunday)
Pedaling through history
Odd, notable specimens at bike museum in rural Ohio
NEW BREMEN, Ohio — In a former hotel here in rural western Ohio is a museum offering more than two centuries of bicycle history, from early high-wheelers to candyhued 1960s Sting Rays.
There’s a 1901 ice bike, a kitschy 1949 Donald Duck artifact, a military-issued bike with a machine gun mount, bikes that appeared in movies (Pee-wee Herman’s) or belonged to stars (Robin Williams) and lots of Schwinns. The exhibits fill three floors and, of course, rotate.
The Bicycle Museum of America traces the bike’s impact on culture, transportation and plain old fun, showing how it became synonymous with convenience and ease.
Take, for example, the Donald Duck bike made by the Shelby Cycle Company in 1949. The Disney character’s head is on the front of the frame, with flashing, battery-powered eyes. The horn quacks, and the bike is a vibrant blue and yellow.
Hanging above Donald in the exhibit is the ice bike, with a sled runner instead of a front wheel, and a rear wheel with 30-plus spikes so riders could attempt to pedal across a frozen pond.
Nearby is one of the modified 1953 Schwinn DX bikes used in “Pee-wee’s Big Adventure,” the 1985 movie about a childlike man’s quest to find his stolen two-wheeler.
The museum owes its creation to the end of the Schwinn era. The once-dominant American manufacturer, founded in 1895 by Ignaz Schwinn, went bankrupt in 1992. The Schwinn family’s collection of hundreds of bicycles was sold at auction in 1997.
“It’s hard to take care of this mess of stuff,” Richard Schwinn, great-grandson of the founder, said at the sale. “We could put it in storage or we could sell it, and I’m tired of storing it.”
James Dicke, head of the family-owned Crown Equipment Corp. of New Bremen, which makes forklifts, bought more than 150 bicycles and memorabilia at the auction for about $500,000, according to newspaper reports. That led to the creation of the Bicycle Museum of America, which Dicke continues to financially support. It’s housed in the former upscale Hotel Central, built in 1891.
There are other cycling artifacts in museums around the world. The Smithsonian and Henry Ford Museum of Innovation each have large bicycle collections. There are a handful of other dedicated bike museums scattered across the country, including the Bicycle Heaven Museum in Pittsburgh, the Houston Bicycle Museum, and the Marin Museum of Bicycling in Fairfax, California.
Ohio’s museum boasts one of the largest and most interesting collections, with more than 700 bikes, of which 173 are currently on display. It also has more than 10,000 other bicyclerelated objects, from catalogs and advertisements to blueprints and correspondence, said Ryan Long, the museum’s coordinator.
The first floor features the oldest models in the collection, starting with a replica of what many consider the world’s first bicycle: the 1816 Draisine, invented by Karl von Drais. The German’s “walking machine” has two wheels of similar size, one behind the other, and a steering device, but no pedals. Riders propelled the crude wooden vehicle with their feet a la Fred Flintstone.
The next major advancement was the French velocipede, the first bike with pedals. The pedals were attached to the front wheel, and the bikes were nicknamed “boneshakers” for their bouncy ride.
The boneshaker led to the high-wheeled bicycle, or penny farthing. Several are on display here, including a high-wheeler that visitors are invited to ride. Fortunately, it’s attached firmly to the ground with steps that make the climb to the saddle less dangerous. The term “taking a header” is said to have originated with these tall, unstable bicycles, as many riders flew face first over the handlebars.
The invention of the safety bicycle in 1885 by Britain’s John Kemp Starley made cycling easier. It has the same basic design still in use today: two wheels of the same size, a diamond-shaped frame and pedals between the wheels that turn the rear wheel. Add the invention of pneumatic tires and by the mid-1890s, the world was bicycle mad.
“The 1890s was the greatest bicycle boom to date,” Long said. “Everyone wanted a bicycle.”
Production swelled throughout the 1890s until the automobile took over the market.
Women took to the bicycle in huge numbers, and museum signage quotes suffragist Susan Anthony saying the safety bicycle “has done more to emancipate women than anything else in the world.” It also helped popularize bloomers. Annie Oakley claimed she was the first woman to ride a bicycle in London, and she did some fancy trick shooting while pedaling.
The military went further, mounting a Colt machine gun on an 1896 Columbia Model 40. The museum’s model has a storage case for ammunition and assorted supplies mounted on the rear rack.
The actor Williams, who died in 2014, loved cycling and collected more than 100 bikes. The museum owns two of them: a hightech Zipp bike from 1992 and a La Carrera Futura 2000, an Italian-made, all-white model covered in polka dots that proves bicycles can be works of art.
Tandems were all the rage in the 1890s, and Schwinn built one for his wife and himself in 1897. It featured a seat between the two riders to hold one of their infant children.
The museum has the only known model.
Perhaps the most popular Schwinn model was the Sting Ray, manufactured from 1968 to 1973. It featured the famous banana-shaped seat, and a five-speed shifter on the tube that ran from the saddle to the handlebars. Sting Rays came in vivid colors with model names like Lemon Peeler, Grape Krate and Orange Krate.
Near the Sting Ray are two more unique bikes: A 1955 Huffy Radiobike has a working radio built into the frame with volume-control and tuning dials. And Harley Davidson sold bicycles from 1917 to 1922, a marketing maneuver to attract young riders to the brand; the museum has one with a sidecar.