East Asia beats virus. Until it returns.

Every time surge is handled, another pops up elsewhere

HONG KONG — First, it was travelers and university students bringing the coronavirus back to Hong Kong from Europe and the United States. Then, sea crews and bar patrons were the ones spreading infections.

In the latestwave, a large cluster appears to have started in ballroom dancing halls that are popular with older women, then progressed to other dancing venues and banquet-style restaurants.

For much of the year, every timeHong Kong beat back a surge of coronavirus cases, new problems would pop upweeks later, in other places and among other populations.

Similar patterns hold true in other parts of Asia that are still fighting dayby-day battles to keep their COVID-19 rates from spiraling out of control. And the latestwaves of infection are proving harder to trace than earlier ones were — just as winter forces more people indoors and raises the risks of transmission.

Japan and South Korea are experiencing some of their highest single-day tallies since the pandemic began, driven largely by diffuse clusters in the Tokyo andSeoul metropolitan areas. Although still below its peak for the year, HongKong is facing a surge on par with its summer wave, driveninlargepart by what experts call untraceable “silent” transmissions.

“We’re getting better at having a large testing capacity, and we have a lot of resources for contact tracing, but the cycle repeats,” said Kwok Kin-on, an epidemiologist at the Chinese University ofHongKong.

Compared with the

Hong Kong is seeing coronavirus cases on par with its summer wave. Above, diners eat at a restaurant in Hong Kong with dividers between booths.

United States and Europe, much of East Asia still has the virus relatively in check. Hong Kong, with a population of around 7.5 million, hashada total of 5,947 cases and 108 deaths, a low rate for any city.

But the recent setbacks underscore the challenges that theworld will continue to face until there is a widely available vaccine. As cases have soared back to alarming levels in recent weeks, South Korea, Japan andHongKong have had to quickly recalibrate their strategies.

Travel bubbles that were announced with great fanfare are now on hold. Weeks after reopening, schools have been shut again. Bars and restaurants are closing early or shifting to takeaway menus.

Complicating their efforts is the nature of the current outbreaks. Trans

mission is occurring not only in crowded venues like nightclubs, but also in settings like homes and workplaces where governments have fewer options to control people’s behavior.

On Thursday, South Korea recorded more than 500 new cases for the first time in about eight months. Experts say there doesn’t seem to be a single major cluster, as therewaswhen churches and anti-government protests drove earlier outbreaks.

Pandemic fatigue hasn’t helped. Medical personnel are exhausted, youngpeople are bored because they can’t travel, and business owners are frustrated because they have to scale back.

Kim Ill-soon, who owns a tea shop in a residential neighborhood of Seoul, South Korea, said that her business had dropped off after the government last

week barred people from dwelling inside cafes. Takeout is still an option, but for many, chatting over tea in person is part of the draw.

“I’ve been busy apologizing tomy customers for the last two days,” she said.

In Japan, authorities have been reporting about 2,000 infections a day. Cases are spreading rapidly in Tokyo, which reported a record 570 infections Friday, and around Osaka, Sapporo and other cities. Compared with summer waves, which mainly affected young people, the current one has hit many people in their 40s and older.

In a sign of the country’s alarm, Japan’s Imperial HouseholdAgency said Friday that it had decided to cancel Emperor Naruhito’s annual New Year event at the Imperial Palace in January — the first such cancellation since 1990, when

the country was mourning the death of his grandfather.

“Please don’t underestimate coronavirus,” Dr. Toshio Nakagawa, president of the Japan Medical Association, told reporters Wednesday in Tokyo. “We cannot let Japan become like theU.S. or Europe.”

The hope is that coronavirus vaccines will soon hand health officials a new weapon to beat the pandemic. But they won’t be widely available until the spring at the earliest.

Until then, and as winter approaches and caseloads soar, medical officials across much of East Asia are pleading for vigilance— and rethinking their pandemic policies.

In the spring and summer, the focus was mainly on fighting clusters at their source. Officials in Tokyo and Seoul, for example,

responded to ones that had spread mainly from nightclubs by temporarily closing down the venues. Hong Kong imposed restrictions on sea crews after a cluster was traced to cargo ships.

This time around, officials seem determined to take a more nuanced approach, apparently driven by concerns about the economic wreckage the pandemic has already caused. But doing so in face of such a pernicious pathogen can open up new challenges.

Hong Kong is rolling out a new contact-tracing app that would allow people to voluntarily scan QR codes on their smartphones when they visit a location, enabling officials to better tackle any clusters that emerge. But such apps have had limited success in South Korea, Britain and elsewhere.