New weaponry allowing Ukraine to shift strategy

With aid of the West, military able to stave off Russian advance

KYIV, Ukraine — From spring into summer, the Ukrainian military was pummeled by Russian artillery in eastern Ukraine, steadily losing ground and as many as 200 soldiers a day in a mismatched, head-to-head contest. But in recent weeks, Ukraine has shifted its strategy with the help of new weaponry to slow Russia’s advances.

Supplied with a growing arsenal of long-range Western weapons and aided by local fighters known as partisans, Ukraine has been able to hit Russian forces deep behind enemy lines, disrupting critical supply lines and, increasingly, striking targets that are key to Moscow’s combat potential.

The new weapons have also forced Russia to recalibrate on the battlefield, creating some breathing room for the Ukrainians to make more strategic decisions.

One blow to the Russians this past week was a series of explosions at an air base on the occupied Crimean Peninsula that destroyed at least eight warplanes and that a Ukrainian official said had resulted from a strike carried out by special forces troops aided by partisans.

The approach has been well suited to the Kherson region in the south, where for weeks Ukrainian officials have been engaged in the opening salvos of a counteroffensive. The city of Kherson, dependent for supplies on four bridges spanning the Dnieper River, is considered more vulnerable than other occupied cities.

On Saturday, the Ukrainians claimed to have hit the last of those four key bridges, leaving thousands of Russian troops in danger of becoming cut off from resupply, according to Western intelligence officials.

“We do not have the resources to litter the territory with bodies and shells, as Russia does,” Ukrainian Defense Minister Oleksii Reznikov told Pravda, a Ukrainian news media outlet, this past week. “Therefore, it is necessary to change tactics, to fight in a different way.”

While the Ukrainian military has not made major territorial gains, it has managed to slow Russia’s advance across the country — for now, at least — and stanch the heavy losses Ukraine was suffering in recent months, which had led to wavering morale and some soldiers deserting their platoons.

But the Russians have continued to apply pressure in the east and the south on Ukrainian frontline positions, with some that are slowly buckling. The incremental advances have indicated that despite setbacks from Ukraine’s attacks, the Russian military still has enough forces to continue offensive operations.

Ukraine’s efforts in the south represent less a change in approach than an extension, with the aid of new longer-range weapons, of a strategy adopted at the start of the war meant to level the playing field with Russia. With the Russian army far outmatching Ukraine’s forces in the number of troops, weapons and ammunition, Ukraine’s military has had to be innovative and nimble.

“It’s clear the Ukrainians can’t match the Russians unit for unit and soldier for soldier. And Ukraine, like the Russians, is running out of soldiers,” said Samuel Bendett, a Russian weapons analyst at the Center for Naval Analyses. “So Ukraine has to be very judicial in how they draw out the Russian forces.”

Ukraine successfully repelled Russia’s efforts to seize the capital, Kyiv, using smaller, adaptable fighting units that exploited its home-field advantage for lightning attacks on Russian forces, which were concentrated in large columns that made easy targets.

In the eastern heartland, Russia initially was able to take advantage of its edge in numbers and firepower, wearing down the Ukrainian troops with relentless artillery barrages before moving to seize territory.

But now, supplied with new longer-range artillery pieces, like the U.S.-made High Mobility Artillery Rocket System, or HIMARS, Ukraine has been able to slow Russia’s advance and divert some attention to what Ukraine’s generals see as more advantageous territory in the south.

It is there, particularly in the Kherson region, the first area of Ukraine lost to Russian forces, that Ukraine hopes it can begin to turn the tide of the war.

DAVID GOLDMAN/AP Nelia Fedorova, left, and daughter Yelyzaveta Gavenko, 11, embrace as they visit a neighbor’s home Saturday where someone was killed in a Russian rocket attack that also injured Fedorova, in Kramatorsk, Ukraine. The Ukrainian military has slowed Russia’s advance.