Amid pandemic, is great resignation a great rethink?

Life is full of surprises. But there are surprises, and then there are surprises.

What I mean is that most of the time, when something you weren’t anticipating happens, you quickly realize that it’s something you could and maybe even should have seen coming, at least as a possibility. Or, to take an economistic example, few anticipated the 2008 financial crisis, but once it happened economists realized that it fit right into both their theoretical frameworks and historical patterns.

Sometimes, however, events take a turn that leaves you wondering what’s going on even after the big reveal.

Right now the economy is experiencing an old-fashioned bout of inflation, with too much money chasing too few goods. That is, booming demand has collided with constrained supply, so prices are rising. But there are really two kinds of supply constraint out there, and some are more comprehensible than others.

Not many people anticipated the supply chain issues — the ships waiting to be unloaded, the parking lots stacked high with containers and overcrowded warehouses. But once they began happening, those issues made perfect sense. Consumers

who were afraid to buy services compensated by buying stuff, and the logistical system couldn’t handle the demand.

On the other hand, the Great Resignation — the emergence of what look like labor shortages even though employment is still 5 million below its pre-pandemic level and even further below its previous trend — remains somewhat mysterious. Earlier this year many people insisted that enhanced jobless benefits were reducing the incentive to accept jobs. But those extra benefits were eliminated in many states; and this cutoff doesn’t seem to have had any measurable effect on employment or labor force participation.

Another story, which is harder to refute, says that the extensive aid families received during the pandemic left many with more cash on hand than usual, giving them the financial space to be choosier about their next job. A less upbeat story says that some employees are still afraid to go back to work and/or that many can’t because their child care arrangements are still disrupted.

But there’s at least one more possibility: The experience of the pandemic may have led many workers to explore new opportunities.

I’d been thinking along these lines, but Arindrajit Dube, who is one of my go-to labor economists throughout this pandemic, put it very clearly. As he says, there’s considerable evidence that “workers at low-wage jobs [have] historically underestimated how bad their jobs are.” When something — like, say, a deadly pandemic — forces them out of their rut, they realize what they’ve been putting up with. And because they can learn from the experience of other workers, there may be a “quits multiplier” in which the decision of some workers to quit ends up inducing other workers to follow suit.

I like this story, in part because it dovetails with one of the main discoveries of behavioral economics — namely, that people have a strong status quo bias. That is, they tend to keep doing what they were doing even when there might be much better alternatives.

So I can believe that there were many workers who should have quit their lousy jobs in, say, 2019, but didn’t because they weren’t really considering the alternatives. And it’s at least possible that the disruptions of the pandemic led to a great rethink.

Of course, we don’t know this. But if that’s part of what’s happening, it’s actually a good thing — a small silver lining to the horrors of COVID-19.