What techniques can help ‘lazy eye’?

Dear Dr. Roach: I am a 65-year-old woman. As a child, I had what we called “lazy eye.” My condition was that my right eye was aligned noticeably outward. I believe this is referred to as “exotropia.” I had surgery to correct it at the age of 12.

As an aside, an aunt on my father’s side had the same condition, which was never corrected. By the time she was in her 70’s, her right eye was always pointed to the far-right side.

My son, now 32, had the same condition as a child, and also had surgery around the age of 12. It was successful at the time, but in the past year or so, we are noticing that his eye is once again drifting to the outside.

He has been hearing and reading about a new therapy using virtual reality screens and exercises to retrain the eye. What do you know about it? Are there other effective nonsurgical treatments for adults? — S.C.

Strabismus is the general term for a “lazy eye,” where the gaze of the affected eye points sideways. “Exotropia” for pointing to the outside; “esotropia” for inward. Symptoms can include double vision, headache and eye strain.

Symptoms are an indication for treatment. Although surgery is one common treatment, not everyone needs to be treated, and there are nonsurgical alternatives. Passive vision therapy is a time-honored technique in children. Active vision therapy — the eye retraining techniques you mention — has also been tried and shown to be effective in children up to 17 years. Another study showed that orthoptic exercises are as effective in adults as they are in children.

New onset of inability to move the eye to one side could indicate a serious problem with the nerve to the eye, so should be promptly evaluated. Longstanding problems with strabismus should, of course, be referred to an eye doctor.