On Aug. 20, 1833

Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd U.S. president, was born in North Bend, Ohio.

President Andrew Johnson formally declared the Civil War over, months after the fighting had stopped.

German forces occupied Brussels during World War I.

the White Sox purchased the contract of “Shoeless” Joe Jackson from Cleveland for $31,500.

Britain opened its offensive on the Western front during World War I.

pioneering American radio station 8MK in Detroit (later WWJ) began daily broadcasting.

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill paid tribute to the Royal Air Force, saying, “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.”

Rajiv Gandhi, who would succeed his mother, Indira Gandhi, as prime minister of India, was born in Bombay. In 1953 the Soviet Union publicly acknowledged it had tested a hydrogen bomb.

hundreds of people were killed in anti-French rioting in Morocco and Algeria.

President Lyndon Johnson signed a nearly $1 billion anti-poverty measure.

the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact nations began invading Czechoslovakia to crush the “Prague Spring” liberalization drive of Alexander Dubcek’s regime.

the United States launched Voyager 2, an unmanned spacecraft carrying a 12-inch copper phonograph record containing greetings in dozens of languages, samples of music and sounds of nature.

swimmer Diana Nyad succeeded in her third attempt at swimming from the Bahamas to Florida.

President Bill Clinton approved the first minimumwage increase in five years, raising the hourly minimum by 90 cents to $5.15 an hour over 13 months.

retaliating 13 days after the deadly embassy bombings in East Africa, U.S. forces launched cruise missile strikes against alleged terrorist camps in Afghanistan and what was described as a chemical plant in Sudan.

the CIA pulled the security clearances for former Director John Deutch for keeping secret files on an unsecured home computer.

Tiger Woods won the PGA Championship in a playoff over Bob May, becoming the first player since Ben Hogan in 1953 to win three majors in one year.

hundreds of thousands of people marched in Venezuela, demanding the recall of President Hugo Chavez.

Augusta National Golf Club in Georgia ended 80 years of all-male membership by admitting its first two female members: former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and South Carolina financier Darla Moore.