Scientists work on ‘cancer vaccine’

TAMPA — Tampa scientists Michael and Patricia Lawman imagine a day when cancer could be treated with a single needle prick and no debilitating side effects. And they see it coming sooner rather than later.

The husband-and-wife team operates a company called Morphogenesis, which focuses on gene and cell therapy research and development. Together they developed a “cancer vaccine,” which is undergoing clinical trials at Tampa’s Moffitt Cancer Center and soon at other locations across the country.

The vaccine, called ImmuneFx, helps train the immune system to identify and destroy cancerous tumor cells. To do that, it forces those cells to come out of hiding.

Cancer cells mutate and change so fast, it can be difficult for the immune system to spot them, said Patricia Lawman, 65.

So the vaccine uses cell and gene therapy to force those cells to express a specific bacterial antigen on their surface, making them easy for the immune system to identify.

This way, a patient’s immune system can fight off cancer cells on its own, without the help of radiation, chemotherapy or other treatments — and without the harmful side effects that come with them.

Immunotherapy is a broad term to describe a growing and game-changing cancer treatment that uses the immune system to fight infections and diseases. Moffitt and Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital administer a version of it called Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy to patients suffering from leukemia, lymphoma and certain other blood or bone cancers.

Known as CAR-T cell therapy, it uses white blood cells from the patient’s immune system and re-engineers them in a lab to target and wipe out cancer cells.

“CAR-T requires work in a lab, and doesn’t necessary catch every cancer cell,” Lawman said. “They target as many as possible, but they program which cells to go after.”

In contrast, she said, “the vaccine forces every tumor cell to present the same protein, which is visible to the immune system.”

After years of lab work, Morphogenesis began testing the vaccine on companion animals with veterinary partners. About 430 cats, dogs and horses diagnosed with naturally occurring cancers were given the vaccine and tracked over time.

The results showed it was safe. And during a study performed on horses, 77 percent of them showed a significant reduction in tumors.

ImmuneFx now is being tested in clinical trials on humans with cutaneous melanoma, one of the most common types of skin cancer. But Lawman said she’s confident the vaccine could be used in the future to treat a variety of cancers that present tumors, if not all of them.

“We think the body can do everything better than we can come up with,” Lawman said. “So we try not to mess

with it.”

Morphogenesis began in 1995 after the Lawmans left the Walt Disney Memorial Cancer Institute to launch their start-up in a business incubator program at the University of Florida.

The couple lived in a family member’s converted garage on an alligator farm for a period of time as they struggled to find funding for their treatments. Now Morphogenesis operates out of a quiet office park in Tampa, close enough to Busch Gardens to hear roller coasters from the parking lot.

The company has raised over $27 million in investor funding for research related to the vaccine, and is closing in on another round of nearly $45 million.

ImmuneFx is expected to move onto a second phase of clinical trials next year, when it will be administered to a larger group of patients at three test sites, including Moffitt.