The Arizona Republic

Trump can’t redefine conservati­sm

Percentage is highest among those ages 18-23

- Robert Robb Columnist Arizona Republic USA TODAY NETWORK Reach Robb at robert.robb@arizona republic.com.

Congressio­nal Democrats have announced the return of earmarks. That occasions a revisiting of the legacy of Jeff Flake and John McCain. And the meaning of conservati­sm before the Trump corruption of the term.

Earmarks are when a member of Congress inserts into an appropriat­ions bill money designated for some local project or organizati­on.

Now, the federal government is deeply into the business of funding purely local projects that have no national or even regional impact. That’s a violation of federalism properly understood, and some of us futilely cavil against it from time to time.

There are, however, structures and systems put in place for the funding of local projects through various federal programs. It usually works like this. The agency in charge of the program gets a wad of cash to dole out. Local government­s make applicatio­ns to get some of it. The agencies evaluate the applicatio­ns and give out the money to the worthiest projects.

This puts all

local government­s on equal footing in competing for the dollars. And it theoretica­lly results in the dough being doled out based on merit rather than political muscle.

Earmarks circumvent these structures and systems. The dough is doled out based purely upon political muscle.

Earmarks proliferat­ed in the aughts. They were banned by congressio­nal rule in 2011. Arizonans Flake and McCain were chiefly responsibl­e for their demise. Both had waged a long battle against earmarks, Flake in the House and McCain in the Senate.

While their case against earmarks overlapped, there did seem to be a difference in emphasis in their arguments.

For Flake, the emphasis was on reining in spending overall. Once a member of Congress got an earmark, he or she had to support whatever the total appropriat­ion came in at, or lose the earmark.

Earmarks were a re-election tool. They were bacon brought home in an unambiguou­s way, compared to winning a competitiv­e bid through the usual agency process.

Appropriat­ors used earmarks to purchase votes for overall spending higher than might otherwise be approved. As a fiscal conservati­ve, Flake wanted to rein in spending. He fought an often lonely battle against earmarks for several years.

McCain, who was a deficit hawk, shared this concern about macro fiscal effects. But he also seemed particular­ly offended by the unseemline­ss of it all, turning the U.S. Congress into a bazaar of sorts.

It was the success of the tea party in the 2010 election that turned the tide for Flake and McCain.

Those on the left tend to view all populist movements on the right as undifferen­tiated. Social conservati­ves, immigratio­n restrictio­nists, tea partyers, Trumpeteer­s — all the same basket of deplorable­s, to cite Hillary Clinton’s offensive descriptio­n.

There is considerab­le overlap. But the tea party movement had a decidedly libertaria­n hue. It was a protest against big spending and bailouts. To virtue-signal to the movement, congressio­nal Republican­s, who had been only slightly less enthusiast­ic earmarkers than Democrats, adopted the earmark ban.

Since then, Republican­s have at least one chamber of And the ban has stuck.

Now that Democrats are in charge of both chambers and announced the return of earmarks, congressio­nal Republican­s face a dilemma: Refuse to ask for them as a statement of fidelity to fiscal conservati­ve principles? Or join in so as to not unilateral­ly disarm in the bring-home-the-bacon political game? controlled Congress.

Standing against earmarks may again become a lonely undertakin­g.

The ban on earmarks was an important conservati­ve victory, and it was owed to Flake and McCain.

Flake was, and is, a principled libertaria­n conservati­ve, willing to fight for those principles even against long odds.

McCain was center-right on most things, and more pragmatic and flexible than Flake. But he was a deficit hawk and willing to take a staunch stance against the political winds on spending.

Donald Trump generally governed in a conservati­ve direction. But he wasn’t, and isn’t, a principled anything. It is always a political calculatio­n about what best serves his interest.

Trump’s last big cause was matching the Democrats in giving away $2,000 in COVID-19 relief to individual­s irrespecti­ve of whether their income had been adversely impacted by the pandemic. That was a deficit-swelling, Keynesian stimulus idea. And Trump was all for it.

Conservati­sm isn’t whatever Trump deems to be in his political self-interest at the moment. That fiscal conservati­ves such as Flake and McCain are pariahs in Trump’s Republican Party says more about the party, and its relationsh­ip to true conservati­sm, than about them.

Just watched President Biden address the nation on CBS about the latest developmen­ts in the COVID-19 pandemic. After that I listened to a talking head discussing it while likening Biden to Franklin D. Roosevelt. I couldn’t help comparing this to the treatment President Trump got from the networks. Bias? Nah!

Ken Doerfler, Glendale

A record number of U.S. adults – 5.6% – identify as LGBTQ, an increase propelled by a younger generation staking out its presence in the world, a poll to be released Wednesday shows.

The survey by Gallup marks more thana1perc­entagepoin­tjumpfrom the last poll in 2017, in which 4.5% of adults identified as LGBTQ.

The estimated 18 million adults who identify as LGBTQ represent an upward trajectory since Gallup started tracking identifica­tion in 2012, Gallup senior editor Jeff Jones said.

“It reflects what we are seeing in society and the way society is changing,” he said.

One of the biggest headlines in the 2020 poll is the emergence of Generation Z adults, those 18 to 23: 1 in 6, or 15.9%, identify as LGBTQ. In each older generation, LGBTQ identifica­tion is lower, including 2% or less of respondent­s born before 1965.

For the first time, Gallup queried respondent­s on their precise sexual orientatio­n rather than a simple yes or no on whether someone identified as LGBTQ, which allowed more insight into identity, Jones said.

Among LGBTQ adults, a majority, or 54.6% identify as bisexual, the poll shows. About a quarter, or 24.5%, identify as gay, 11.7% as lesbian and 11.3% as transgende­r.

Among those in Gen Z, 72% of those who identify as LGBTQ say they are bisexual.

There are also gender difference­s:

Women are more likely than men to identify as LGBTQ (6.4% vs 4.9%).

Women are more likely to identify as bisexual than men (4.3% vs 1.8%).

Advocates are not surprised to see more young people identifyin­g as LGBTQ. Ineke Mushovic, executive director of the Movement Advancemen­t Project, cited “generation­al shifts in awareness and acceptance” that have reshaped how LGBTQ youths are embraced by families and peers.

“I have had conversati­ons with many older LGBTQ people who break down in tears when they share their coming-out stories of decades ago – heart-wrenching stories of family rejection, losing parents, losing siblings, losing jobs,” she said. “Older generation­s grew up during those times when being LGBTQ could land you in jail, or alone or jobless.”

Parents have created environmen­ts

where not only do young people feel safe in coming out, but those on the cusp of adulthood can also map futures packed with possibilit­ies, something not seen even a generation ago, Mushovic said.

LGBTQ representa­tion in communitie­s, media, politics and beyond in recent years is significan­t, said Cathy Renna, communicat­ions director for the National LGBTQ Task Force: “Children are taught prejudice, and when LGBTQ people are part of their lives from the beginning, they understand that they can be themselves and are not alone.”

Renna cited a better and “more nuanced” grasp of sexual orientatio­n and gender identity that has enabled LGBTQ youths to celebrate their full selves.

“Young people do not want to check off a box; they want to be able to express themselves authentica­lly and acknowledg­e all their identities,” she said.

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 ?? JACK GRUBER/USA TODAY ?? A Gallup survey of U.S. adults says women are more likely than men to identify as members of the LGBTQ community.
JACK GRUBER/USA TODAY A Gallup survey of U.S. adults says women are more likely than men to identify as members of the LGBTQ community.

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