Poor feel pinch as IRS tries private collection

WASHINGTON — Private tax collectors acting on the Internal Revenue Service’s behalf have collected tax payments from more than 5,000 poor people in the past year, payments an in-house IRS watchdog says should have been avoided.

Nina E. Olson, head of the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate, says a private debt collections program is not doing enough to spare people struggling to pay for food and shelter from additional drains on their income. She has also urged the IRS to stop referring to the private companies cases of individuals whose incomes put them below 250 percent of the poverty line.

“These private collectors are not screening out people who are so low-income they literally cannot afford to pay their basic living expenses,” Olson said in an interview. “These accounts should not be going out to the debt collectors.”

The IRS said these low-income taxpayers would likely have been targeted by the IRS if their cases were not being turned over to the private firms. The agency also says it’s required by law to turn the cases over. The private debt collectors have also fiercely criticized Olson’s assessment of the program, calling it “absolutely false” to suggest they target the poor.

In 2017, the IRS started a program to outsource tax collection to private firms, which keep some of the payments for themselves. Congress created the initiative to help address budget shortfalls and recoup some of the $138 billion the agency was owed. The IRS turned over 304,000 cases to private firms in the last year overall and is expected to turn over as many as 800,000 more this year.

The House unanimously passed legislation this April that would forbid the IRS from turning over cases of low-income Americans to private firms. A bipartisan Senate IRS bill introduced this month does not change the rules for private debt collections, according to a spokeswoman for Senate Finance Committee Chairman Orrin G. Hatch, R-Utah.

“Chairman Hatch supports the use of innovative debt collection practices that also protect taxpayer rights,” said Julia Lawless, a spokeswoman for the senator, in an email.

The IRS does sometimes collect taxes from the poor, but if taxpayers say they cannot afford to make payments the IRS can grant them a reprieve, tax experts say. The private debt collectors — companies such as Pioneer, CBE and Performant Recovery — also return these kinds of cases back over to the IRS if the taxpayers say they are unable to make payment. But because a high percentage of cases turned over to collections agencies are of those who are poor, the program is disproportionately leading to payments from low-income Americans, Olson said.

In a statement, the private debt collectors noted that they do not receive financial information, leaving it to the taxpayer to report their own inability to pay.

“The contractors do not receive any information about a taxpayer’s level of income and rely solely on voluntary participation by the taxpayer. Taxpayers who cite financial hardship are immediately referred back to the IRS and removed from the PDC program,” said Kristin Walter, spokeswoman for the Partnership for Tax Compliance, an advocacy group for the companies. “Olson has consistently made false and misleading claims about the IRS and its Private Debt Collection program to advance her own political agenda.”

The report from the Taxpayer Advocate, an independent organization within the IRS that represents taxpayers, says that about one-third of the dollars collected by private firms since last year came from Americans living below 250 percent of the federal poverty line, which the IRS uses to identify families facing “economic hardship.”