The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Turkey starts offensive in Syria vs. U.S.-backed militia
Turkey’s government launched a long-expected offensive into northeastern Syria on Wednesday, in what initially appeared to be a limited operation targeting Syrian Kurdish fighters who have played a central role in the U.S.-led battle against the Islamic State militant group.
The situation
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan announced the start of the offensive in a Twitter message. Later, Turkish media broadcast footage of fighter jets taking off, howitzers firing, and smoke and explosions rising from Syrian border towns, while images posted on social media showed Syrians fleeing in trucks piled high with their possessions and children. A spokesman for the U.S.backed militia, the Syrian Democratic Forces, said civilians were fleeing the border towns of Ras al Ain and Tel Abyad. At least seven civilians were killed and others were wounded as ground forces crossed the border, reports said.
What it means
Turkey’s long-planned move to root out U.S.-allied Kurdish forces in northeastern Syria moved quickly since President Donald Trump gave the operation a green light in a call with Erdogan on Sunday.
The offensive has presented the Trump administration with a dilemma as it has sought to balance Washington’s partnership with Turkey, a NATO ally, and its links to the Syrian Kurdish forces that helped fight the Islamic State.
Previously
The White House announced Sunday that it was withdrawing U.S. troops from the area that Turkey planned to invade, igniting a firestorm of criticism in Congress — including from Republican leaders, who accused Trump of abandoning the Kurds. In sometimes conflicting statements since then, Trump has defended the removal of U.S. troops.
Trump stands by move
In a statement Wednesday, Trump continued to defend his decision, insisting he is focused on removing American involvement in “stupid endless wars.”
The president later added he will hold Turkey to its commitment to protect civilians and religious minorities and ensure the invasion does not create a humanitarian crisis. He also said Turkey must make sure that ISIS fighters held captive in Syria remain detained.
ALSO INSIDE
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Invasion of northeast Syria carries gain, risk for Turkey,
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has long threatened to send troops into northeastern Syria to clear the border region of Syrian Kurdish fighters whom Turkey considers a serious security threat. Here is a look at what Turkey wants to achieve in the area and the risks and challenges it faces by getting even more deeply involved in the Syrian crisis.
What does Turkey want?
Turkey wants to create what it calls a “safe zone” in a stretch of territory along its southern border with Syria that is currently controlled by Syrian Kurdish fighters, known as the People’s Protection Units, or YPG.
Turkey considers the YPG as terrorists affiliated with the outlawed Kurdistan Workers’ Party, or PKK, which has waged a 35-year-long battle against the Turkish state. Ankara also views the YPG-controlled zone as an “existential threat.”
The YPG denies that it is a terror organization but says it aspires to the ideals of the PKK’s founding leader, Abdullah Ocalan.
Erdogan has demanded a “safe zone” that is 20 miles deep and stretches more than 300 miles toward the Iraqi border. He initially had hoped to do it in collaboration with the United States but grew frustrated with what he considered to be delaying tactics by the U.S.
Once secured, Turkey wants to resettle the area with 2 million Syrian refugees who fled to Turkey due to the conflict in their home country. How such a massive resettlement would be carried out is unclear. Human rights groups have warned that any escalation of fighting in the area could displace hundreds of thousands more people.
Erdogan has spoken of plans to build towns, villages, hospitals and schools but also says Turkey, which has already spent some $40 billion on the refugees, cannot afford to do it alone. He has said he will convene a donors conference to help meet the cost and has called on European nations to share the burden, warning that Turkey could be forced to open the “gates” for an influx of migrants to Western nations.
Kurds vow to fight back
Turkey has carried out two previous incursions into northern Syria in recent years with the help of Syrian rebels. In the first offensive in 2016, Turkey pushed back Islamic State group militants west of the Euphrates River. In the second operation last year, Turkey captured the Syrian-Kurdish controlled enclave of Afrin. Those regions are currently administered by Turkish-backed opposition groups who run them as virtual Turkish-administered towns.
Analysts say this operation would likely be more complicated. Unwilling to let go of an area they wrested from the Islamic State group, the battle-hardened Kurdish fighters — trained and equipped by the U.S. — have vowed to fight the Turks until the end.
“It’s a huge area for the Turkish military to go into, and clearly there will be resistance on the part of the (Syrian Kurdish forces),” said Bulent Aliriza, of the director of the Turkey Project at the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Aliriza suggested the operation may be a limited one that does not stretch all the way to the Iraqi border. “That’s what we are going to look at first. How deep and how broad is it, whether it’s all the way across from the Iraqi border to the Euphrates, or just limited to two or three penetration points.”
Critics of President Donald Trump’s decision fear a Turkish operation could have destabilizing consequences for the region, while both Democrats and Republicans have warned that a Turkish attack could lead to a large number of fatalities among the Kurds, who are holding thousands of captured IS fighters and their families.
What about the fight against the Islamic State group?
One of the big question marks surrounding Turkey’s plans is whether fighting the Syrian Kurdish forces would allow IS to make a comeback.
Turkey insists that the global battle against the militants won’t suffer, and points to its 2016 incursion, which drove away IS from another border region.
But Kurdish officials have warned that they would have to divert their forces away from guarding IS prisoners in case of a Turkish assault. Kurdish authorities run more than two dozen detention facilities, scattered around northeastern Syria, holding about 10,000 IS fighters.
The White House has said Turkey will take over responsibility for the imprisoned fighters, but it is unclear how that would happen, if it all.
Erdogan says Turkey and the United States are working separately on plans to repatriate foreign fighters held in Kurdish prisons.