The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Smooth, creamy comfort of peanuts
Sweet, savory recipes for cooking with Georgia’s favorite nut.
Several years ago, I was heading to South Georgia for a food event. It was a warm autumn night, not untypical of the region. As soon as I slowed and turned off of the interstate, I rolled down the windows of my SUV. The bright lights of the I-75 corridor fade quickly once you’re a mile or so from the obligatory conglomeration of fastfood joints and budget hotels. The warm wind whipping in the cab, I slowed my speed and took a deep breath. I was at once hit with the rich, earthy aroma of freshly plowed dirt. Having grown up in the area, I knew instantly the peanuts had been turned in the fields. It was a comforting scent from my childhood and instantly brought a smile to my face.
Brought to the South by explorers from South America via Africa by the trans-atlantic slave trade, peanuts were introduced to North America as early as the 1600s. Enslaved Africans planted peanuts throughout the southern United States (the word goober comes from the Congo name for peanuts — nguba). Peanuts have long been America’s favorite nut, and Georgia is the No. 1 producing state. The majority of Georgia peanuts are runner peanuts, predominantly grown for peanut butter. Whether peanut butter is paired with jelly on bread or is the star of the show in a cookie, it is a fan favorite. Most households have a jar of it in the pantry at all times.
The pandemic, like many things, has altered out relationship with peanuts. In this case, it’s been pay dirt. According to Bob Parker, president and CEO of the National Peanut Board, “In 2020 we saw peanut consumption in the U.S. hit a record high of 7.6 pounds per capita. Working and schooling from home, parents have rediscovered and introduced their kids to their love for peanut butter. It can provide a temporary sense of well-being and, for many, bring back memories of happier times.”
Many people do not know that peanuts grow beneath the soil and not on trees like pecans, but it’s not as simple as, say, a potato. Technically a legume, not a nut, peanuts are planted in the spring and begin to flower in about 40 days. Once the flowers are pollinated, the petals fall off, and the ovary forms. This budding ovary is called a “peg” and within it is the peanut embryo. The peg forms a stem, grows downward into the soil, and grows into a peanut! From planting to harvest, the growing cycle of a peanut takes four to five months.
March may be National Peanut Month, but as any farmer knows, farming is a year-round business. According to Casey Cox, a sixth-generation peanut farmer of Longleaf Ridge Farms in Camilla, Georgia, the timing of harvest is crucial. There has to be a stretch of dry weather to allow the peanuts to dry in the field. The soil is turned, the plants are separated from the nut, and they are left for two or three days to cure, or dry, before the next step. A hard rain can destroy a crop in a matter of hours. The incredible aroma I had experienced late that autumn evening was during this curing process.
The sandy soil and subtropical climate of Georgia are ideal for producing peanuts. Our hot, humid summers also make peanuts an environmentally friendly crop in terms of water usage. It takes 5 gallons of water to produce 1 ounce of shelled peanuts, making them a sustainable plant-forward protein. (For perspective, it takes a whopping 80 gallons of water for the same amount of almonds.) According to the Harvard Medical School, peanut consumption can be linked to the same heart-health benefits as more pricey nuts.
Both nutritious and filling, peanuts are a go-to in my kitchen. I hope you will go nuts for these modern comfort food recipes: Seedy Flatbread is a twist on the two-ingredient dough internet sensation; hearty and filling West African inspired Peanut Butter Chicken is umami-packed, creamy, and boldly flavored; and the Three-ingredient Peanut Butter Cookies don’t require any flour! Flour is not quite as scarce as it was a year ago; nonetheless, there is something wonderfully comforting that you can have warm cookies in a matter of minutes. That’s guaranteed to make you smile.