TODAY IN HISTORY

1533: Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry

VIII, was crowned as Queen Consort of England.

1792: Kentucky became the 15th state.

1796: Tennessee became the 16th state.

1812: President James Madison, in a message to Congress, recounted what he called Britain’s “series of acts hostile to the United States as an independent and neutral nation”; Congress ended up declaring war.

1813: The mortally wounded commander of the USS Chesapeake, Capt. James Lawrence, gave the order, “Don’t give up the ship” during a losing battle with the British frigate HMS Shannon in the War of 1812.

1916: Louis Brandeis took his seat as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, the first Jewish American to serve on the nation’s highest bench.

1943: A civilian flight from Portugal to England was shot down by Germany during World War II, killing all 17 people aboard, including actor Leslie Howard.

1957: Don Bowden, a student at the University of California at Berkeley, became the first American to break the four-minute mile during a meet in Stockton, Calif., in a time of 3:58.7.

1958: Charles de Gaulle became premier of France, marking the beginning of the end of the Fourth Republic.

1967: The Beatles album “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely

Hearts Club Band” was released.

1980: Cable News Network made its debut.

2009: General Motors filed for Chapter 11, becoming the largest U.S. industrial company to enter bankruptcy protection.

2013: In a scene reminiscent of the Arab Spring, thousands of people flooded Istanbul’s main square after a crackdown on an anti-government protest turned city streets into a battlefield clouded by tear gas. The death toll rose to nine a day after a tornado struck Oklahoma City. A nationwide smoking ban went into effect for most public spaces in Russia.

2020: Police violently broke up a peaceful and legal protest by thousands of people in Lafayette Park across from the White House, using chemical agents, clubs and punches to send protesters fleeing; the protesters had gathered following the police killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis a week earlier.