TODAY IN HISTORY

1801: The U.S. House of Representatives broke an electoral tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, electing Jefferson president; Burr became vice president.

1815: The United States and Britain exchanged the instruments of ratification for the Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812.

1863: The International Red Cross was founded in Geneva.

1864: During the Civil War, the USS Housatonic was rammed and sunk in Charleston Harbor, S.C., by the Confederate hand-cranked submarine H.L. Hunley in the first naval attack of its kind; the Hunley also sank.

1897: The forerunner of the National PTA, the National Congress of Mothers, convened its first meeting in Washington.

1944: During World War II, U.S. forces invaded Eniwetok Atoll, encountering little initial resistance from Imperial Japanese troops. (The Americans secured the atoll less than a week later.)

1959: The United States launched Vanguard 2, a satellite that carried meteorological equipment.

1964: The Supreme Court, in Wesberry v. Sanders, ruled that congressional districts within each state had to be roughly equal in population.

1972: President Richard M. Nixon departed the White House with his wife, Pat, on a historic trip to China.

1988: Lt. Col. William Higgins, a Marine Corps officer serving with a United Nations truce monitoring group, was kidnapped in southern Lebanon by Iranian-backed terrorists (he was later slain by his captors).

2013: Danica Patrick won the Daytona 500 pole, becoming the first woman to secure the top spot for any Sprint Cup race.

2014: Jimmy Fallon made his debut as the host of NBC’s “Tonight Show.”

2015: Vice President Joe Biden opened a White House summit on countering extremism and radicalization, saying the United States needed to ensure that immigrants were fully included in the fabric of American society to prevent violent ideologies from taking root at home.

2021: Rush Limbaugh, the talk radio host who became the voice of American conservatism, died at age 70, a year after he announced he had Stage 4 lung cancer.