Russia’s ‘Merchant of Death’ turns political
Bout runs in regional race in reinvention, denies old arms role
As an arms trafficker, he operated in some of the world’s most dangerous places, becoming one of the world’s most wanted men and earning the nickname “Merchant of Death,” not to speak of a 25-year prison sentence in the U.S.
But now, nine months after returning to Russia in a prisoner exchange, Viktor Bout is reinventing himself — as a local politician.
Bout, 56, is running in elections Sunday as a candidate for the regional assembly in Ulyanovsk, a territory of 1.3 million people about 450 miles east of Moscow that was Vladimir Lenin’s birthplace. His emergence as a politician in Russia’s autocratic system — in which elections serve mainly to add a veneer of legitimacy to President Vladimir Putin’s rule — shows how the Kremlin is eager for fresh faces to maintain popular support.
“I’ve been for 15 years locked up in your federal system,” he said in an interview conducted in somewhat stilted English at his party’s Moscow headquarters. “So what do you expect for me, that I have to take time to take vacation? Heck no. I’ve got to do everything for my country.”
Bout (pronounced “boot”) was arrested in Thailand in 2008 in a U.S. sting operation, convicted in 2011 in a New York City court and sentenced to 25 years in prison on four felony charges, including conspiring to kill Americans and conspiring to provide material support to a terrorist organization. He had built his empire during the wild, post-Soviet era of wanton crime and corruption, sending a fleet of airplanes around the world to deliver arms to rebels, terrorists and militants, analysts and U.S. intelligence agents have said.
He was long suspected of having links to Russia’s military intelligence agency, the GRU.
Bout returned to Russia in December in a prisoner swap for American basketball star Brittney Griner, after months of negotiations between Moscow and
Washington.
He wasted little time. Four days after returning home, he became a member of Russia’s Liberal Democratic Party, known by its Russian acronym LDPR. It was founded by nationalist firebrand Vladimir Zhirinovsky and, in Russia’s system of “managed democracy,” is nominally an opposition party but actually serves the Kremlin. The party specializes in flamboyant politicians who entertain and scandalize as much as they legislate.
More unassuming than flamboyant, Bout said he wanted to start his political career at the local level to gain a deeper understanding of his country after such a long absence. He gave few specifics about his campaign platform, nor did he provide evidence of any specific connection to Ulyanovsk, though it is common for parties to put forward candidates who have no connection to a region.
“When you’re absent for 15 years from country, you need to start somewhere,” he said. “So for me, going into regional office, it’s a better way to understand the problems. I need to meet people. I need to learn how they live.”
As evidence of the consensual nature of Russian politics, he also praised improvements made to Moscow under the 10-year mayoralty of Sergei Sobyanin, who is expected to win a third term Sunday.
“I returned to the Russia of my dreams — or even better than my dreams,” he said, saying Sobyanin had done a “perfect job” modernizing the city, introducing electric buses and boats and streamlining many public services on a smartphone app.
Bout said his process of reintegration into Russian society included simple things, like learning how to use a smartphone. He said he was “close to 90%” up to speed but conceded there are “still a couple of hiccups.”
His candidacy, if successful, would not be the first time that a figure accused of grave crimes by Western law enforcement found a role in government. Andrei Lugovoi, a former KGB bodyguard accused by British authorities of murdering Alexander Litvinenko, a former KGB and FSB officer, is a member of Russia’s lower house of parliament, the Duma, also for the LDPR. (Lugovoi has maintained his innocence.)
Maria Butina, who pleaded guilty in 2018 to a single charge of conspiring to act as a foreign agent in a deal with federal prosecutors in the U.S., became a member of the Duma in 2021, for the United Russia party, whose de facto leader is Putin.
That Bout is running for such a low-level position is an indication that he lacks high-level political support from the Kremlin, said Andrei Pertsev, a political journalist with the independent news outlet Meduza.
“Bout was arrested in 2008, and in the intervening period, the leadership of the presidential administration changed several times,” he said. “The leadership of the Ministry of Defense and officials in charge of the defense industry have changed. For them, Bout is someone from the past.”
Still, Bout seems to have the support of some highlevel officials in the Kremlin. In late July, he attended the Russia-Africa summit meeting in St. Petersburg, an event important to Moscow’s continuing efforts to woo African leaders.
In the interview, Bout passionately defended his country’s policies, echoing a line among many pro-war elites that Russia’s true enemy is not Ukraine, and that it is actually fighting a larger proxy war with the
West — one that the United States is doomed to lose.
He did not come across as a polished or natural politician. As he walked among a group of party activists fielding video calls Friday from LDPR election monitors across Russia, he did not interact much with team members, neither smiling nor shaking hands. Instead, he seemed stiff.
Since his return, Bout has spent a considerable amount of time traveling to Russian-occupied cities in Ukraine, opening up LDPR offices in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, which were illegally annexed by Russia last year.
He acknowledged opening a business consulting company since his return, but he dismissed the possibility of returning to his old line of work — one he insisted against all evidence had been “totally focused on logistics, different than the sales of weapons.”
“I’m just trying to very critically approach my own skills and my own capacities right now,” Bout said.
“Let’s be realistic,” he added, noting that even before his decade and a half behind bars, his businesses had been hard hit by sanctions. He said he was someone who had “very little of his business left, very little of my own life.”
He said that he had “nothing much left of any old contacts,” especially in Africa, where “the regimes are changing quicker than the weather sometimes.”