Rising rates, prices may strain first-time buyers

Mortgage interest rates have doubled over the past 15 months, throwing a curveball to first-time buyers who were trying to cope with skyrocketing home prices, hoping for their shot at the American Dream of homeownership.

According to the 2022 NAR Home Buyers and Sellers Generational Trends Report, first-time buyers made up 34% of all home buyers. The vast majority of first-time buyers are millennials.

As we write this, mortgage interest rates have dropped slightly. According to Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey, the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 5.25% for the week ending May 20, 2022, with an average of 0.9 point (a point is one percent of the loan amount). The 15-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 4.43% with a 0.9 point and a 5-year ARM averaged 4.08% with an average 0.2 point.

Here’s something most first-time buyers don’t realize; if you have a lower credit score, the interest rate on your loan is going to be higher. If your credit score is in the 700-719 range, and you have 20% to put down, the average rate

on a 30-year fixed rate mortgage on May 19 was 5.833%, according to Bankrate.com. If your credit score is 660-679, the average interest rate was 6.66%. But if your credit score is 800 or above, you might have been able to secure an interest rate at around 5.5%.

These numbers are a little different from the Freddie Mac survey, because that survey also quotes the average number of points paid to secure those interest rates. The more a borrower pays in points, the lower the interest rate. The Bankrate numbers don’t quote interest rates with points, so the average rates appear higher.

On a side note, you might want to compare rates in your area for jumbo vs. conventional loans before choosing a loan product. In some markets, the interest rate may be lower on one type of loan over another. (A jumbo loan, in many markets, is a loan that is at or under $647,200 for a single-family home. It can be as high as $970,800 in highcost areas around the country.)

Some lenders offer better interest rates for loans that have a lower loan-tovalue ratio. And, they charge a higher interest rate for loans with less than 20% equity. So it pays to shop around and ask as many questions as possible to get the best mortgage program for the home you’re buying.

That difference is why it’s critical to ask prospective lenders about the interest rates, points, fees, special loan programs, and any other costs associated with approving your loan.

While interest rates have jumped up faster than most economists expected, home prices have also jumped, adding to the financial pressure first-time buyers are feeling.

According to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, the median sales price of houses sold in the U.S. reached $428,700 in the first quarter of 2022, up from $369,800 a year earlier. That’s a jump of 15.9% from a year ago.

And while home price appreciation has slowed somewhat from the blistering pace at the end of 2021, home values have been growing at a healthy pace since the end of the Great Recession.

Some of our readers have questioned whether rising interest rates will cause home values to fall, as they did in 2008 and 2009. In those years, median home prices fell just over 6% per year. (Home prices fell a lot farther in some locations than others.)

Sadly for first-time buyers struggling to find any home to buy, Lawrence Yun, chief economist of the National Association of Realtors, doesn’t believe we’re going to see a drop in housing prices. Why? Because demand has far outstripped supply, and the quality of borrowers has remained high.

“The underwriting standards are so strict throughout the process there is unlikely to be any massive forced sales. Also the inventory levels are at historic lows. Even as the demand drops, it means a change from 20 multiple offers to one or two bids after 30 days on market,” Yun explained, noting that this level of competition is much more “normal and consistent with 5% or so home price appreciation.”

He acknowledges that if the Federal Reserve Bank hikes interest rates, even more aggressively than the 8 to 10 rounds of planned hikes, some housing markets could see some minor price declines; but he thinks buyers will jump in for a “second chance opportunity” to be a homeowner.

“In places like Phoenix, where home prices have shot up by more than 30% in a single year, a price decline of 5% or 10%, if it were to occur, would not create financial stress. Just as a stock price zooming up 30% and then giving up some [of the gain] does not cause any financial stress,” he explained. “Only sustained large price declines would be trouble, as happened during 2008-2012 with the mortgage implosion and foreclosure crisis.”

Of course, if you stretch to buy a house, only to watch your home’s value decline during the years you live there, you’re going to be upset. Instead, try to view your house as a long-term purchase. It’s the place you’re going to live, set down roots, and enjoy your life.

Hopefully, by the time you’re ready to sell, the value of your home will have at least kept pace with inflation.