Join top 1 percent and live a decade longer

Life span gap between rich, poor widens

The wealthiest Americans can expect to live at least a decade longer than the poorest — and that gap, as with income inequality, is growing ever wider.

New research in the Journal of the American Medical Association shows topearning Americans gained 2 to 3 years of life expectancy between 2001 and 2014, while those at the bottom gained little or nothing.

Plenty of research has already shown that health and wealth are intertwined, and that they generally improve in tandem as you move up the income scale. But this year, the vanishing middle class and wildly divergent incomes among Americans have been central issues in a vitriolic race for the White House.

Monday’s JAMA research shows in the starkest terms yet how disparities in wealth are mirrored by life expectancy, and how both are getting worse.

Research last year showed that mortality rates are rising among middleaged whites, largely due to suicide, drug overdoses, and alcohol. That work, by Princeton University economists Anne Case and Nobel Prize winner Angus Deaton, reflected economic stresses on working class whites that have in turn fueled the ascendancy of billionaire Donald Trump and his populist message. The latest paper reinforces the idea that inequality in the U.S. — the issue that’s also driven Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders’ campaign on the Democratic side — has consequences beyond wealth and income.

Take a 40-year-old man in the top 1 percent. He can expect to live, on average, to 87. His counterpart in the bottom 1 percent would be expected to perish, on average, before his 73rd birthday. Life expectancy for the richest women is almost 89, about 10 years longer than the poorest.

The authors — economists from Stanford University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, consulting firm McKinsey & Co., and the U.S. Treasury’s office of tax analysis — used anonymous Internal Revenue Service data from 1.4 billion tax records over 15 years and matched them to death records from the Social Security Administration.

The change between 2001 and 2014 shows that the wealthy are benefiting more from gains in longevity than the destitute. Men among the top 5 percent gained more than two years and women gained almost three. In the bottom 5 percent, life expectancy for men only increased by a few months, and for women, hardly at all.