TODAY IN HISTORY

Today is Monday, Feb. 13, the 44th day of 2023. There are 321 days left in the year. On this date in:

1633: Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei arrived in Rome for trial before the Inquisition, accused of defending Copernican theory that the Earth revolved around the sun instead of the other way around. (Galileo was found vehemently suspect of heresy and ended up being sentenced to a form of house arrest.)

1933: The Warsaw Convention, governing airlines’ liability for international carriage of persons, luggage and goods, went into effect.

1935: A jury in Flemington, New Jersey, found Bruno Richard Hauptmann guilty of first-degree murder in the kidnapslaying of Charles A. Lindbergh Jr., the 20-month-old son of Charles and Anne Lindbergh. (Hauptmann was later executed.)

1939: Justice Louis D. Brandeis retired from the U.S. Supreme Court. (He was succeeded by William O. Douglas.)

1965: During the Vietnam War, President Lyndon B. Johnson authorized Operation Rolling Thunder, an extended bombing campaign against the North Vietnamese.

1972: “Cabaret,” directed by Bob Fosse, based on John Kander and Fred Ebb’s musical of the same name, starring Liza Minnelli and Michael York, was released. 1980: The 13th Winter Olympics opened in Lake Placid, New York.

1991: During Operation Desert Storm, allied warplanes destroyed an underground shelter in Baghdad that had been identified as a military command center; Iraqi officials said 500 civilians were killed.

1996: The rock musical “Rent,” by Jonathan Larson, opened off-broadway less than three weeks after Larson’s death. 2000: Charles Schulz’s final “Peanuts” strip ran in Sunday newspapers, the day after the cartoonist died in his sleep at his California home at age 77.