Catholic schools claim teachers are ministers
WASHINGTON» First, Kristen Biel learned she had breast cancer. Then, after she told the Catholic school where she taught that she’d need time off for treatment, she learned her teaching contract wouldn’t be renewed.
“She was devastated,” said her husband, Darryl. “She came in the house just bawling uncontrollably.”
Biel died last year at age 54 after a five-year battle with breast cancer. On Monday, the Supreme Court will hear arguments in a disability discrimination lawsuit she filed against her former employer, St. James Catholic School in Torrance, Calif.
A judge initially sided with the school and halted the lawsuit, but an appeals court disagreed and said it could go forward. The school, with the support of the Trump administration, is challenging that decision, telling the Supreme Court that the dispute doesn’t belong in court.
The case is one of 10 the high court is hearing arguments in by telephone because of the coronavirus pandemic. Next week includes Biel’s case as well as high-profile fights over President Donald Trump’s financial records and whether presidential electors have to cast their Electoral College ballots for the candidate who wins the popular vote in their state.
Biel’s lawsuit is one of two cases being heard together that involve the same issue: the “ministerial exception” that exempts religious employers from certain employment discrimination lawsuits.
The Supreme Court recognized in a unanimous 2012 decision that the Constitution prevents ministers from suing their churches for employment discrimination. But it avoided giving a rigid test for who should count as a minister.
Now the Supreme Court will decide whether Biel, and another former teacher who sued a different Catholic school for age discrimination, count as ministers barred from suing. Both Biel and the other teacher, Agnes Morrissey-berru, taught religion, among other subjects.
Jeffrey Fisher, an attorney for Biel and MorrisseyBerru, says that if his clients lose, it could have “innumerable, cascading consequences” on employees of religious institutions. He’s argued employment law protections could be denied to nurses at religiously affiliated hospitals, counselors at religious summer camps, and cooks and administrators in social services centers.
Kristen Biel didn’t set out to influence employment law. She just wanted her job back, her husband said.
In 2013, she was offered a job teaching first grade two days a week at St. James. The school’s principal, Sister Mary Margaret Kreuper, offered her a full-time job teaching fifth grade the next year. She gladly accepted.
Biel taught everything: English, spelling, math, science, social studies and religion. As she was nearing the end of her first full year teaching, she was diagnosed with breast cancer and told Kreuper she would need time off. She later learned her contract wouldn’t be renewed.
The school, for its part, says Biel’s classroom was observed to be “chaotic” and “often out of control” and that she was told months before her cancer diagnosis that it would be difficult for her contract to be renewed.
Eric Rassbach, a lawyer for the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, which represents St. James and Morrissey-berru’s former employer, Our Lady of Guadalupe School, says his clients are strongly opposed to discrimination of any kind and didn’t discriminate in either case.
But he says neither dispute belongs in court. “Courts have said that under the Constitution they can’t be involved in choosing or overriding a church or synagogue or mosque’s decision about who is carrying out core religious activities,” he said.
If someone is a minister, they can’t sue over being fired, and Biel counts as a minister because, among other things, she taught religion, prayed with her students and attended Mass with them monthly, he argues.
Darryl Biel notes his wife taught religion for 30 minutes a day, four days a week, using a book the school chose.
“My wife was not brought on or asked to be a minister,” he said. “She was asked to be a fifth-grade teacher.”