The swamp Trump built

It was springtime at President Donald Trump’s Mar- a- Lago club in Palm Beach, Fla., and the favorseekers were swarming.

In a gold- adorned ballroom filled with Republican donors, an Indian- born industrialist from Illinois pressed Trump to tweet about easing immigration rules for highly skilled workers and their children.

“He gave a million dollars,” the president told his guests approvingly, according to a recording of the April 2018 event.

Later that month, in the club’s dining room, the president wandered over to one of its newer members, an Australian cardboard magnate who had brought along a reporter to flaunt his access. Trump thanked him for taking out a newspaper ad hailing his role in the construction of an Ohio paper mill and box factory, whose grand opening the president would attend.

And in early March, a Tennessee real estate developer who had donated lavishly to the inauguration and wanted billions in loans from the new administration met the president at the club and asked him for help.

Trump waved over his personal lawyer, Michael Cohen. “Get it done,” the president said, describing the developer as “a very

important guy,” Cohen recalled in an interview.

Campaigning four years ago as a Washington outsider, Donald Trump electrified rallies with his vows to “drain the swamp.” But once he was in the White House, Trump didn’t merely fail to end Washington’s insider culture of lobbying and favor- seeking. He reinvented it, turning his own hotels and resorts into the Beltway’s new backrooms, where public and private business mix and special interests reign.

Federal tax- return data for Trump and his business empire obtained by The New York Times shows that even as he leveraged his image as a successful businessman to win the presidency, large swaths of his real estate holdings were under financial stress, having racked up losses over the preceding decades.

After the election, his business discovered a lucrative new revenue stream: people who wanted something from the president.

An investigation by the Times has found more than 200 companies, special- interest groups and foreign governments that patronized Trump’s properties while reaping benefits from him and his administration. Nearly a quarter of those patrons have not been reported previously.

Here are some key findings from the investigation.

The president’s family business earned millions from customers with interests before his administration

Just 60 customers with interests at stake before the administration brought the Trump Organization nearly $ 12 million during the first two years of Trump’s presidency, the Times found. Almost all saw their interests advanced, in some fashion, by the president or his government.

Interviews with nearly 250 business executives, club members, lobbyists, Trump property employees and current or former administration officials provided a comprehensive account of how well customers fared with the administration — and how the president profited.

Many said in interviews that any favorable outcome was incidental to their patronage. But whether these customers won or lost, Trump benefited. They paid his family business for golf outings and steak dinners, for huge corporate retreats and black- tie galas.

During Trump’s campaign and the months leading up to his inauguration, the inhouse magazine at his Mar- aLago club in Florida announced nearly 100 new members, a number of whom had significant business interests inWashington. The tax records show that in 2016 alone, the club’s initiation fees delivered close to $ 6 million in revenue.

The president kept an eye on the Trump Organization from Washington

As president- elect, Trump had pledged to step back from the Trump Organization and recuse himself from his private company’s operation. As president, he kept watch on properties run by the company, which is now led by his sons Eric and Donald Jr.

When Trump stopped by the Trump International Hotel in Washington, he sometimes let managers know he was being briefed on their performance. At Mar- a- Lago, he told longtime members that he ought to raise prices on the new crowd angling to join. Then he did, at least twice.

Eric Trump sometimes told his father about specific groups that had booked events at Mar- a- Lago, a former administration official said. And as Trump surveyed his business empire from the White House, he occasionally familiarized himself with details from club membership lists, according to two people with knowledge of the activity.

Trump’s refusal to divest his properties created an instant conflict of interest on the day he was sworn in. At least two dozen customers who had reserved events for 2017 and 2018 would have business before the administration, the Times found.

The tax records do not include every payment made to Trump’s properties. But a measure of additional revenue at Mar- a- Lago can be found in data kept by the town of Palm Beach, where charities must disclose the expected cost of their events.

Groups with business before the administration have reported spending an additional $ 3.3 million on events held at Mar- a- Lago from 2017 to the present.

A White House spokesperson, Judd Deere, issued a brief statement saying that Trump had “turned over the day- to- day responsibilities of the very successful business he built” to his two adult sons. “The president has kept his promise every day to the American people to fight for them, drain the swamp and always put America first,” he added.

Getting access to Trump was easy

When the president walked into his Washington hotel for dinner, word seemed to spread almost instantaneously. People might camp out at the hotel bar for hours, hoping for even a brief audience. At Mar- a- Lago, members paid Trump to spend time at what was, ultimately, his home. During meals, people would line up at his table. Guests, even paying members, had a habit of thanking Trump for having them over.

“People know and expect him to be at Mar- a- Lago, so they’ll bring a guest or come with a specific idea,” said Fernando Cutz, a former national security aide who often visited the club with Trump. “With that access, you could pitch your ideas. With this president, he’d actually listen and direct his staff to follow up.”

And chances were good he’d be around. Trump has visited the Trump family’s hotels and resorts on nearly 400 days of his presidency.

Victories were as weighty as a presidential directive and as ephemeral as a presidential tweet

Patrons at the properties ranged widely: foreign politicians and Florida sugar barons, a Chinese billionaire and a Serbian prince, clean- energy enthusiasts and their adversaries in the petroleum industry, avowed small- government activists and contractors seeking billions from everfattening federal budgets.

Trump’s administration delivered them funding and laws and land.

He handed them ambassadorships, appointments, presidential directives and tweets.

More than 70 advocacy groups, businesses and foreign governments threw events at the properties that previously had been held elsewhere, or created new events that drove dollars into the Trump’s business.

“These are sophisticated people, and they adapt to where the president is,” said Bryan Lanza, a Washington lobbyist who is close to the administration. He himself did not visit the properties often, Lanza said, but many others did — and for good reason.

“You are in the president’s comfort zone,” he said. “Mar- a- Lago, Bedminster. That’s where he goes to relax and recharge.”

Donors also paid for the privilege of giving money to his campaign and super PAC. Trump attended 34 fundraisers held at his hotels and resorts, events that brought them $ 3 million more in revenue.

Sometimes, he lined up his donors to ask what they needed from the government.

Some customers framed their patronage in religious terms

Almost from the outset of the Trump presidency, his Washington hotel was a hub of religious gatherings, fundraisers and tours — events that converted Trump’s most loyal voters into some of his most reliable customers.

Prominent evangelical ministers were given VIP status at the hotel, according to former employees, with their names and pictures distributed to the staff alongside those of senior Republican lawmakers and Fox television luminaries. And they spent big.

Unlike businesses and trade groups, many religious conservatives explicitly linked their support of Trump’s business to his administration’s socially conservative agenda. Some explained in interviews how Trump had delivered so much for evangelicals — on abortion, judges, Israel and more — that they wanted to show their gratitude.

“If we can support this president by having dinner or staying at the hotel, then we want to do that,” said Sharon Bolan, an evangelist from Dallas who belongs to Trump’s national faith leaders group.

Even politicians from small countries rubbed shoulders

The Times identified more than 20 foreign officials, politicians and businesses or groups closely affiliated with governments abroad that held events at Trump’s properties or paid for rooms there.

For foreign politicians on the lower rungs of Washington’s diplomatic ladder, even a chance meeting with the American president can be a significant propaganda victory. At a gala held by local Republicans last spring at Mar- a- Lago, the head of Romania’s sixth- largest political party shook hands with Trump. And some embassies moved their annual galas or independence commemorations to the Washington hotel.

When the prime minister of the Serbian enclave in Bosnia, Zeljka Cvijanovic, stopped at the hotel and met Kellyanne Conway and Sarah Huckabee Sanders, she issued a news release almost suggestive of a state function. “On the first day of her visit to Washington, Prime Minister Cvijanovic met with the closest associates of the US President,” it proclaimed.

Selfies and social media posts chronicled the favor- seeking

Many of those seeking help from his administration were not shy about advertising their access to the president’s realm. The Times’ investigation includes a review of hundreds of social media posts, many by patrons enthusiastically documenting their visits to Trump’s properties, as well as an array of published news articles where some patrons spoke candidly about their access.

“Once he became president, everyone wanted to be around him,” said Jeff Greene, a Florida real estate developer and Mar- a- Lago member. It wasn’t influencepeddling, Greene said. “People like to be where presidents are.”

The Trump Organization did not respond to repeated requests for comment over the past week, nor did it respond to a detailed description of facts in the article.