The Guardian (USA)

Everyone wants to 'follow the science'. But we can't waste time on blame

- Venki Ramakrishn­an

In 1981, a virus that had jumped the species barrier some decades earlier to infect humans began to wreak havoc among the gay community in San Francisco and New York. A taskforce was set up to study the cause of this disease, and it took a few years to identify HIV as the definitive cause of Aids and its genome to be sequenced, and nearly 15 years before a cocktail of drugs meant that having an HIV infection was no longer a certain death sentence.

Forty years later, the cause of the Covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan was identified as a new coronaviru­s Sars-CoV-2, and its sequence determined in a matter of weeks. That, in turn, paved the way for a sensitive test for infection and, now, antibody tests for people who may have had the disease. That we know so much in such record time is due to sustained internatio­nal investment in science.

However, there is much that we don’t know. We do not know why this virus is so much more transmissi­ble than some others. Whether being infected will make us immune and, if so, for how long. Why it sometimes sets off a severe inflammato­ry reaction that can lead to death, and why some individual­s are more vulnerable to it than others.

Science is also helping to drive the unpreceden­ted worldwide search for a vaccine, but it is the stark reality that, even after 40 years, there is no vaccine for Aids or many other viral diseases. So it is important to put strong efforts into new and repurposed drugs to combat infection.

Such uncertaint­y is intrinsic to science. Normally, a gradual accumulati­on of evidence and scrutiny by the

 ??  ?? Venkatrama­n ‘Venki’ Ramakrishn­an: ‘We must learn to be better prepared for the next pandemic.’ Photograph: Richard Saker/The Observer
Venkatrama­n ‘Venki’ Ramakrishn­an: ‘We must learn to be better prepared for the next pandemic.’ Photograph: Richard Saker/The Observer

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