More top-performing CEOs have engineering degrees than MBAs
Yet another reason to consider urging your kids to go into engineering: For the second year in a row, the best-performing CEOs in the world were more likely to have an engineering degree than an MBA.
Harvard Business Review, the management bible, released its annual ranking Monday of the top-performing CEOs around the globe. It found that engineering degrees are actually slightly more prevalent among these top corner office occupants than the finance- and strategyfocused MBA, a trend that could reflect strong performance among tech-driven CEOs but also a possible openness to engineering backgrounds among a wider range of companies.
Thirty-four of the top 100 CEOs in 2018, according to the HBR report, had an engineering degree, compared with 32 who had an MBA. Eight of the top CEOs had both degrees. In 2017, 29 CEOs had MBAs and 32 had engineering degrees, the first time that there were fewer MBAs than engineers since 2014, when it began tracking the degree question.
While the top spot isn’t held by an engineer — that nod went to Pablo Isla, CEO of Spanish retailer Inditex — 10 of the top 20 ranked CEOs in this year’s survey have an engineering degree, including No. 2-ranked Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang, compared with four MBAs. (HBR’s ranking examines the change in market capitalization and total shareholder return, adjusted by both country and industry, over the entire tenure of CEOs in the global S&P 1200, and adds in data that rates the company’s performance on environmental, social and governance issues during the CEO’s time in charge.)
The most likely explanation for the trend is that the number of technology CEOs on the list have expanded as the industry has seen exponential growth in recent years — there were just eight technology CEOs on the list in 2014, but 22 in 2018.
It’s also possible the result might be partly explained by a quirk in HBR’s methodology. Senior editor Dan McGinn said HBR made a change to its methodology in 2015, when it added the ESG component to its analysis and the list became somewhat more populated by European companies. Its data show that more engineering degrees are held by European CEOs, while a preponderance of the MBAs are held by U.S. CEOs, so it’s possible that differing educational backgrounds in different regions could contribute.
Yet the skills one learns in an engineering degree also have obvious applications for management roles. McGinn said that after HBR first began asking about educational degrees, it spoke with management experts who noted engineering’s focus on problem solving, analytical skills and structural methods of thinking.
“That has obvious advantages if you’re running an I.T. company, but it probably also has advantages if you’re trying to problem-solve in everyday business situations,” McGinn said.
One of the CEOs on this year’s list, Jeffrey Sprecher, the CEO of Intercontinental Exchange, which owns the New York Stock Exchange, holds both an MBA and an engineering degree but said in a video posted on Facebook by his alma mater, University of Wisconsin, that he’s never had a job that relates to his chemical engineering degree. Still, he said, it “taught me about problem-solving, and complex systems and the way things relate to each other, and business is really just that.”
Others suggested there could one day be more CEOs with that background, especially at a time when technology and digitization is increasingly important for every company — even those well outside the I.T. sector — and as more people come out of school with those degrees. Robert Sutton, a professor of management science and engineering at Stanford University, said that it’s becoming more important for executives to have some understanding of computer science.
“This is not a surprise given that technology, especially computer science, is so important,” he said. “Every organization I talk to says they’re doing ‘digitization.’ “
Still, HBR’s ranking looks at the educational backgrounds of only the 100 top-performing CEOs globally; educational data for CEOs in the S&P 500 and Fortune 500 show a slightly different story. An annual report produced by executive search firm Crist Kolder Associates shows that 26.4 percent of those CEOs had engineering degrees in 2018, slightly down from 27.4 percent in 2017 and 28.4 percent in 2016.
Peter Crist, the firm’s chairman, said “it’s a terrible generalization, but I think boards will look at people with engineering degrees and basically make the assumption that they’re smart. I constantly caution them on ‘has that lent to their accomplishments?’ Have they grown a business? Don’t get hung up on the pedigrees.”
Steve Mader, a retired vice chairman of the search firm Korn Ferry, said he hasn’t seen a big shift in sensitivity by boards toward CEOs with engineering backgrounds, even if there may be more openness to it. The relationships made during an MBA program are still highly valuable, he said, but what’s learned in either degree really isn’t essential once the discussion turns to a CEO job.
“By the time you’re selecting a chief executive officer, there are far more relevant issues to compare and contrast,” he said. “The degree virtually never comes up.”