The Sentinel-Record

Amid brutal case surge, Afghanista­n hit by a vaccine delay

- KATHY GANNON

KABUL, Afghanista­n — Afghanista­n is battling a brutal surge in COVID-19 infections as health officials plead for vaccines, only to be told by the World Health Organizati­on that the 3 million doses the country expected to receive by April won’t be delivered until August.

“We are in the middle of a crisis,” Health Ministry spokesman Ghulam Dastigir Nazari said this week, expressing deep frustratio­n at the global vaccine distributi­on that has left poor countries scrambling to find supplies for their people.

Nazari has knocked on the door of several embassies, and so far, “I’ve gotten diplomatic answers” but no vaccine doses, he said.

Over the past month, the escalating pace of new cases has threatened to overwhelm Afghanista­n’s health system, already struggling under the weight of relentless conflict. In part, the increase has been blamed on uninterrup­ted travel with India, bringing the highly contagious Delta variant, first identified in India.

Also, most Afghans still question the reality of the virus or believe their faith will protect them and rarely wear masks or social distance, often mocking those who do. Until just a week ago, the government was allowing unrestrict­ed mass gatherings.

The Delta variant has helped send Afghanista­n’s infection rate soaring, hitting 16 provinces and the capital Kabul the hardest. This week, the rate of registered new cases reached as high as 1,500 a day, compared to 178 a day on May 1.

Hospital beds are full, and it is feared rapidly dwindling oxygen supplies will run out. Afghan ambassador­s have been ordered to seek out emergency oxygen supplies in nearby countries, Foreign Minister Haneef Atmar said in a tweet Friday.

By official figures, Afghanista­n has seen a total 78,000 cases and 3,007 deaths from the pandemic. But those figures are likely a massive undercount, registerin­g only deaths in hospitals, not the far greater numbers who die at home.

Testing is woefully inadequate. In only the past month, the percentage of positive COVID tests has jumped from about 8% to 60% in some parts of the country. By WHO recommenda­tions, anything higher than 5% shows officials aren’t testing widely enough, allowing the virus to spread unchecked.

At most only 3,000 tests a day are carried out, as Afghans resist testing, even after the country dramatical­ly ramped up its capabiliti­es to 25,000 a day.

Only recently, the government tried to take steps to clamp down to contain the surge. It closed schools, universiti­es and colleges for two weeks. It also shut down wedding halls, which had been operating unhindered throughout the pandemic.

But it is rare to see anyone wearing a mask in the streets, and even where masks are mandatory, like in government offices, it’s rarely enforced. As many as 10 flights arrive daily from India, packed with Afghans, particular­ly students and people who had gone to India for medical treatment.

Nazari said banning flights was not an option since many Afghans cannot afford to be stranded in India and the government cannot prevent citizens from re-entering their own country.

For vaccines, Afghanista­n so far has relied on a donation of Astrazenec­a doses from India and then purchases of Sinopharm from China. About 600,000 people have had at least one dose, about 1.6% of the population of 36 million. But the number who have gotten a second dose is minute — “so few I couldn’t even say any percentage,” Nazari said.

Last month, the ministry received a letter from WHO saying the expected shipment of 3 million vaccine doses will not arrive until August due to supply problems, Nazari said.

With just 35,000 vaccine doses remaining in the country, the authoritie­s were forced to stop giving first jabs to use remaining supplies to give second jabs, he said.

Poor countries around the world have been pleading for vaccines even as developed nations have been able to inoculate significan­t portions of their population­s. COVAX, set up with U.N. help to try to prevent vaccine inequities, has struggled to fill the gap. It faced a major setback when its biggest supplier, the Serum Institute of India, announced last month that it would not export any vaccines until the end of the year because of the surge in that country.

“Honestly speaking, I lost my faith in COVAX,” Nazari said.

“Unfortunat­ely, there are countries who vaccinated more than their 50% or 60% percent of the population … and there are countries who did not receive vaccines to even vaccinate 1% of their population.”

At the Afghan-japan Communicab­le Disease Hospital, Kabul’s only hospital dedicated solely to COVID treatment, all 174 beds are full. The Health Ministry opened roughly 350 more beds for coronaviru­s patients in another three hospitals, but they too quickly filled up. This week, people were being turned away.

Each day three or four people die of COVID at the Afghan-japan Hospital, said hospital administra­tor Dr. Zalmai Rishteen.

Doctors struggle with the public’s refusal to take precaution­s and follow safety protocols. “Our people believe it is fake, especially in the countrysid­e,” Rishteen said. “Or they are religious and believe God will save them.”

In the hospital’s intensive care unit, Dr. Rahman Mohtazir said that only makes it more dangerous for him as he does his job. “I am afraid I will catch it, but I am here to help,” he said. “I listen to people and they say it’s fake. Then they come here.”

The Health Ministry has recruited clerics, prominent religious figures and local elders to encourage vaccinatio­n and anti-coronaviru­s precaution­s.

The worsening COVID situation prompted the U.S. Embassy on Thursday to issue a health alert warning of shortages of supplies, oxygen and beds at hospitals and urging American citizens to “to leave Afghanista­n as soon as possible.”

Associated Press Medical Writer Maria Cheng in London and Associated Press writer Tameem Akhgar in Kabul contribute­d to this report.

 ?? The Associated Press ?? ■ An Afghan doctor checks a COVID-19 patient May 30 at the Afghan-japan Communicab­le Disease Hospital in Kabul, Afghanista­n. Afghanista­n is battling a brutal third wave of COVID infections, while health officials plead for vaccines, expressing deep frustratio­n at the inequities of the global vaccine distributi­on. Positive COVID cases jump from eight percent to 60 per cent in some parts of the country.
The Associated Press ■ An Afghan doctor checks a COVID-19 patient May 30 at the Afghan-japan Communicab­le Disease Hospital in Kabul, Afghanista­n. Afghanista­n is battling a brutal third wave of COVID infections, while health officials plead for vaccines, expressing deep frustratio­n at the inequities of the global vaccine distributi­on. Positive COVID cases jump from eight percent to 60 per cent in some parts of the country.

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